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5864883984ConditioningThe process of learning associations0
5864883985Classical conditioingOccurs when pers leadn sounds that signal the arrival of food1
5864883986Operant conditioingOccurs when behaviors are repeated2
5864883987Ivan pavlovConducted the first experimental studies of associative leadning3
5864883988John B WatsonFirst introduced behaviorism4
5864883989WatsonBelieved that learning should be explained without any reference to mental processes5
5864883990An unconditioned responseIs somthing that is not learned, such as the dogs salivation in pavlovs experiment6
5864883991A conditioned rexponseIs learned such as learned fear of a needle7
5864883992The salivation to the food in the mouth in pavlovs experimentIs the unconditioned response8
5864883993The salivation to ghe sound of a toneIs the conditioned response in pavlovs study9
5864883994The infant albertDeveloped fear which is a conditioned response10
5864883995Acquisitionis when the stimulus is established and gradually strengthened11
5864889680in classical conditioningthe neutral stimulus is presented before the unconditioned stimulus12
5864890713spontaneous recoveryis when a stimulus occurs then disappears, such as sudden anxiety13
5864895114generalizationoccurs when a stimulus is learned and then applied to other situations14
5864898416discriminationoccurs when a response only occurs at one particular situation15
5864899935cognitive processis important in classical conditioning16
5864903316an example of learned helplessnessis when a person lacks effort to do something based on prior events17
5864909022John Garcia's studies on the importance of biological predispositionsled to the practice of taste aversions18
5864912103Garcia and Koelling's finding on taste aversion in ratschallenged the idea that any perceivable neutral stimulus can serve as a conditioned stimulus19
5864914477Ivan Pavlov's experimentsdemonstrated how learning can be studied objectively20
5864917133unconditioned stimulioccur when the stimulus is not learned, but rather associated with other events21
5864919400in classical conditioningan organism forms associations between events that it does not control22
5864922605an automatic response to some stimulusis called respondent behavior23
5864923938operant conditioningis a form of learning that is influenced by consequences24
5864927297the process of reinforcing succesively closer approximations to a desired behavior is calledshaping25
5864929710discriminative stimulioccurs when something is consistently reinforced triggering the same response from the original stimuli26
5864933642positive reinforcersincrease the rate of the operant responding while negative reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding27
5864937345positive reinforcer examplepicking up a newborn when he or she cries makes the newborn a crybaby28
5864939799primary reinforcersare innately satisfying stimuli that fulfill biological needs29
5864941423conditioned reinforcersare stimulus that acquire reinforcing power by association with a primary reinforcer30
5864945525applause for an excellent piano recitalis an example of a conditioned reinforcer31
5864948783immediate reinforcers rather than delayed reinforcersare advised to dog owners to quickly teach a dog to roll over on command32
5864951883a continuos and partial scheduleoccurs when behavior is resistant to extinction and responses are mastered33
5864954184a variable interval scheduleoccurs when unpredictable events combine with timed situations34
5864958054the introduction of unpleasant stimuliusually occurs in the form of punishment and reinforcement occurs with the withdrawal of an unpleasant stimulus35
5864961684discriminationis likely when patterns of behavior occur in different situations36
5864964905positive punishmentoccurs when the punished learns not to repeat the behavior37
5864968279the best evidence that animals develop cognitive mapscomes from studies of latent learning38
5864970004insighrt learningoccurs when something new is learned or discovered39
5864972090intrinsic motivationinternal40
5864973966extrinsic motivationexternal41
5864975557biological predispostion exampleit is easier to train a dog to bark for food than to train it to stand on its hind legs for food42
5864977298intrinsic driftoccurs when animals tend to revert from newly learning habits to their biologically disposed behavior43
5864981512shapingoccurs from repetitive successful behaviors44
5864983598operant conditioningoften shows improved productivity of a response45
5864985152autonomic nervous systempeople can learn to control bodily functions46
5864988020associative learning examplesclassical and operant conditioning47
5864989826operant conditioninga learned association between a response and a consequence48
5864991866extinctionbehavior diminishes if stimuli are discontinued49
5864998027modelingacting in a similar or same manner as someone else50
5864999278mirror neuronsbecome active both when people watch an action being performed and when they perform that action themselves51
5865005013mirror neuron activityreduction in immitation52
5865008579children exposed to a modellikely will talk in ways consistent with what the model says and acts53
5865011634viewing violenceleads children and teenagers to behave aggressively54

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