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| 11203812761 | Epicardium | serous membrane of connective tissue; protective outer covering | 0 | |
| 11203819106 | myocardium | cardiac muscle tissue; contracts blood from the heart chambers | 1 | |
| 11203830746 | endocardium | membrane of epithelium and underlying connective tissue, protective inner lining | 2 | |
| 11203844658 | tricuspid valve | prevents blood from moving from right ventricle into right atrium during ventricular contraction | 3 | |
| 11203851031 | pulmonary valve | prevents blood from moving from pulmonary trunk into right ventricle durng ventricular relaxation | 4 | |
| 11203858123 | mitral valve | prevents blood from moving from the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular contraction | 5 | |
| 11203865336 | aortic valve | prevents blood from moving from aorta into left ventricle during ventricular relaxation | 6 | |
| 11203872123 | atria | receive blood from veins, pump blood to ventricle, vein-atria-ventricle | 7 | |
| 11203881837 | ventricles | recieve blood from atria, pump blood into atria-ventricle-artery | 8 | |
| 11203889171 | skeleton of heart | fibrous rings, together with other masses of dense connective tissue in the inter ventricular septum | 9 | |
| 11203901276 | chordae tendinae | heart strings cord like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid and bicuspid valves | 10 | |
| 11203909559 | systemic circuit | blood flows from heart to body tissues and back, carries oxygenated blood, left side of the heart | 11 | |
| 11203914608 | pulmonary circuit | blood flows from heart to lungs and back, carries deoxygenated blood, right side of the heart | 12 | |
| 11203921406 | lubb | first heart sound, occurs during ventricular systole, during QRS, the AV valves are closing | 13 | |
| 11203930033 | dupp | second sound, occurs during ventricular diastole, T wave, pulmonary and aortic semilunar vales close | 14 | |
| 11203938021 | murmur | abnormal heart sound from the cusps not completely closing | 15 | |
| 11203942025 | p wave | atrial depolarization wave from SA node thorugh atria, atria contract | 16 | |
| 11203947342 | QRS complex | ventricular depolarization wave fromAV node through ventricles, ventricles contract (masks atrial repolarization) | 17 | |
| 11203959340 | T wave | ventricular repolarization, SL valves close | 18 | |
| 11203968111 | Arteries | thick strong wall, endothelial lining, carry blood under high pressure away from ventricles | 19 | |
| 11203975521 | arterioles | thinner wall than an artery, help control blood flow into a capillary through pre capillary sphincters; receive blood from the arteries and carry blood to the capillaries | 20 | |
| 11203990157 | capillaries | smallest diameter of blood vessels, connect the smallest venule, walls are endothelium only, semi permeable; site of exchange between the blood and the body cells | 21 | |
| 11204007451 | venules | microscopic vessels that continue from the capillaries and merge to form veins; receive blood from capillaries | 22 | |
| 11204017904 | veins | thinner walls than arterioles, carry blood under low pressure, towards the heart; greatest volume of blood | 23 | |
| 11204039731 | substances exchanged between blood in capillaries and tissue | arteries go to capillaries which go to veins; simple squamous epithelium, oxygen goes out CO2 comes in, happens in capillaries | 24 | |
| 11204080928 | venous valves | help blood in veins move toward the heart and prevent it from moving backward | 25 | |
| 11204086398 | frank starling law | more blood volume in blood, stretches more, contracts harder | 26 | |
| 11204099634 | arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries, vessels lose elasticity, hypertension | 27 | |
| 11204107654 | atherosclerosis | couch potato, deposits of fatty materials especially cholesterol-forming plaque; weakened walls, strokes | 28 | |
| 11204119559 | hypertenstion | persistent elevated BP; kidney disease, essential, secondary | 29 | |
| 11204258015 | Functions of the lymphatic system | transports excess fluid away from the interstitial spaces, transports fluid and fat to the blood stream, help defend the body against disease | 30 | |
| 11204279902 | How does lymph form | interstitial fluid moves into lymphatic capillaries | 31 | |
| 11204378641 | thymus | larger in infancy and during puberty; small in adult; replaces by fat and connective tissues in the elderly, teaches T lymphocytes what to recognize, secretes protein hormones called thymosins which stimulate maturation of T lymphocytes | 32 | |
| 11204398071 | Spleen | largest lymphatic organ; filters blood; upper left abdominal quadrant; sinuses filled with blood; white and red blood pulp | 33 | |
| 11204407136 | innate immune defenses | an inborn, nonspecific defense that blocks entry or destroys pathogens | 34 | |
| 11204418245 | adaptive immune defense | a specific defense T and B lymphocytes carry out | 35 | |
| 11204427203 | Epithelial cells | skin, mucosal surfaces | 36 | |
| 11204431087 | physical immune defense | tight junctions between epithelial cells, mucous coating traps microorganisms | 37 | |
| 11204436450 | mechanical immune defense | cilia pushing bad substances up and out, sneezing | 38 | |
| 11204441862 | biochemical | saliva, tears (lysozyme), mucus, sweat contian anti-microbial substances, low pH | 39 | |
| 11204453904 | defenses | produced by immune cells, directly kill bacteria, activate immune cells | 40 | |
| 11204459524 | collectins | bind to sugars on bacteria, yeast, some viruses make pathogens easier for phagocytes to take up | 41 | |
| 11204470275 | inflammation | redness, heat, swelling, pain; blood vessel dilation, increased blood flow, increased vascular permeability, leakage of fluid out of vessels, leads to swelling, pain from excess fluid, prostaglandins | 42 | |
| 11204483677 | resolution | tissue fluids with clotting factors seep into an inflames area which helps to form fibrin clot; fibroblasts deposit connect tissue around injury site, bacteria, dead cells, debris are move by phagocytes, new cells replaces injured cells | 43 | |
| 11204501447 | interferons | hormone-like peptides that stimulate immune cells | 44 | |
| 11204509867 | complement systems | group of plasma proteins; stimulates inflammation, attracts phagocytes, enhances phagocytosis, kills target cells | 45 | |
| 11204521002 | fever | response to bacterial or viral infection, interleukin 1 secretion by lymphocytes raises the thermoregulatory set point in the hypothalamus; short fever is good | 46 | |
| 11204538080 | phagocytosis | removes foreign particles, helps fight infection/disease | 47 | |
| 11204544811 | neutrophils | the first WBC to arrive at an inflamed site | 48 | |
| 11204551293 | monocytes | arrive soon after neutrophils, differentiate in the tissue into macrophages | 49 | |
| 11204558044 | macrophages | pass through capillary walls into inflames tissues, a process called diapedesis | 50 | |
| 11204565698 | dendritic cells | save phagcytosed material antigen to show T cells | 51 | |
| 11204612119 | IgG | in plasma and tissue fluid; response to bacteria, viruses, toxins; activates complement proteins(pokes holes in target cells) | 52 | |
| 11204620529 | IgA | in exocrine gland secretions(breast milk- pass immunity to baby, tears, bile, nasal and intestinal secretions); respond to bacteria, viruses | 53 | |
| 11204629719 | IgE | in exocrine gland secretions; allergic reactions, parasites | 54 | |
| 11204636382 | IgM | in plasma; response to bacteria, food: activates complement proteins | 55 | |
| 11204651704 | primary immune response | occurs when B cells and T cells become activated after first encountering the antigens for which they are special | 56 | |
| 11204658303 | secondary immune response | produced by memory B and memory T cells; a second encounter with an antigen results in a faster response that is greater than the first | 57 | |
| 11204674416 | vaccine | preparation that includes an antigen that can stimulate a primary immune response against a particular pathogen bus does not produce not produce symptoms of associated infectious disease | 58 | |
| 11204689639 | active immnity | body has to make | 59 | |
| 11204693679 | passive immunity | acquire some other way; body doesnt make | 60 | |
| 11204698152 | active artificial immunity | exposure to a vaccine containing weakened or dead pathogens | 61 | |
| 11204708478 | active naturally immunity | exposure to live pathogens; infection | 62 | |
| 11204716302 | passive artificial immunity | injection of gamma globulin containing antibodies or antitoxins | 63 | |
| 11204722179 | passive naturally immunity | antibodies passed to fetus from pregnant women with active immunity or to newborn through breast milk or placenta | 64 |
