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10567105124Affirmative ActionA policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group.0
10567108735Bandwagon Effecta shift in electoral support to the candidate whom public opinion polls report as the front-runner1
10567110050bicameral legislaturea lawmaking body made up of two chambers or parts2
10567111809CabinetA group of advisers to the president.3
10567115366CaucusA meeting of members of a political party4
10567116827citizena legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth, either native or naturalized.5
10567121297Civil LibertiesConstitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens6
10567123651Civil Rightsthe rights of full citizenship and equality under the law7
10567125796Civil Servicethe group of people whose job it is to carry out the work of the government8
10567136336coattail effectthe added votes received by congressional candidates of a winning presidential party9
10567139606confirmationproof10
10567141798Constituents of urinethe voters who elect public officials to represent them11
10567145099Defacto SegregationSegregation by unwritten customs or traditions12
10567146837Dejure Segregationsegregation by law13
10567146892divided governmentone party controls the White House and another party controls one or both houses of Congress14
10567150595electormember of the electoral college15
10567153158Electoral CollegeA group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president16
10567154504political elitespeople with a disproportionate share of political power17
10567160803entitlement programsGovernment benefits that certain qualified individuals are entitled to by law, regardless of need.18
10569129856exclusionary ruleimproperly gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial19
10569131751Executive Agreementan agreement between the president and the leader of another country20
10569133871expressed powerspowers directly stated in the constitution21
10569134889Federalismthe federal principle or system of government.22
10569135565Free Exercise ClauseFirst Amendment requirement that law cannot prevent free exercise of religion23
10569136333GerrymanderingProcess of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.24
10569137311government corporationa business owned and operated by the federal government25
10569137717Great Compromiseagreement providing a dual system of congressional representation26
10569138823Incrementalismthe best predictor of this year's budget is last year's budget plus a little bit more.27
10569139383Jim Crow LawsLaws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites28
10569140589lame duckA person still in office after he or she has lost a bid for reelection29
10569141337monetary policythe setting of the money supply by policymakers in the central bank30
10569143864Partisianfavoring one side of an issue31
10569144403Party CuacusesA meeting of the members of a political party to decide questions of policy32
10569144404Politcal ideologya consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government33
10569148514conservativeholding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation, typically in relation to politics or religion.34
10569149254moderateaverage35
10569149985liberalopen to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values.36
10569150690PluralismA state in which people of all races and ethnicities are distinct but have equal social standing37
10569151818PolarizationA deep and wide conflict over some government policy38
10569152659Political PlatformA document stating the aims and principles of a political party39
10569153686political culturean overall set of values widely shared within a society40
10569154604policy cycleThe process by which problems are identified and acted upon in the public arena.41
10569156390Popular SovereigntyRule by the people42
10569157300public policythe principles, often unwritten, on which social laws are based.43
10569157964reverse discriminationDiscrimination against the majority group44
10569158581shield lawsstate laws that protect journalists from having to reveal their sources45
10569158582single-member districtAn electoral district in which voters choose one representative or official.46
10569159422soft moneyCampaign contributions unregulated by federal or state law, usually given to parties and party committees to help fund general party activities.47
10569160260splinter partya political party that has split off from a major party because of major disagreement.48
10569161912split-ticket votingvoting for candidates of different parties for different offices at the same election49
10569165454straight ticket votingpractice of voting for candidates of only one party in an election50
10569165944Franchise/Suffragethe ability or right to vote in public elections51
10569167910disenfranchisedto deprive of the right to vote52
10569170595unitary systemA government that gives all key powers to the national or central government53
10569171110whistle-blowingreporting an illegal action of one's employer54
10569171118amicus curiaea brief submitted by a "friend of the court"55
10569172199briefswritten arguments on the case56
10569173400due process of lawthe right of every citizen against arbitrary action by national or state governments57
10569173731Habeas CorpusAn order to produce an arrested person before a judge.58
10569175282judicial activismIdea stating that judges should interpret the Constitution to reflect current conditions and values.59
10569177835judicial restraintA judicial philosophy in which judges play minimal policymaking roles, leaving that duty strictly to the legislatures60
10569178365litigationthe process of taking legal action61
10569179145petionerthe party bringing a lawsuit62
10569180026Prescedentan example that may serve as a basis for imitation or later action63
10569182777concurring opinionAn opinion that agrees with the majority in a Supreme Court ruling but differs on the reasoning.64
10569183261dissenting opinionAn opinion disagreeing with a majority in a Supreme Court ruling.65
10569187761majority opiniona court opinion reflecting the views of the majority of the judges66
10569189146stare decisislet the decision stand67
10569189147writ of certiorariA formal writ used to bring a case before the Supreme Court.68
10569189681writ of mandamusCourt order directing an official to perform an official duty.69

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