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| 9473030568 | Bones that manubrium articulate with? What type of joints are they? | Clavicle, 1st and 2nd paird of ribs. Synovial, Cartilaginous, Synovial | 0 | |
| 9473040704 | Bones that the body of sternum articulate with? | 2nd to 7th pair of ribs Synovial | 1 | |
| 9473047940 | What are these joint disorders? Osteoarthritis Rheomatoid Arthritis Gouty Arthritis | Wear and tear autoimmune uric acid | 2 | |
| 9473087704 | Fibrous joint? | Dense connective; immovable. | 3 | |
| 9473089362 | Cartilaginous joint? | Hyaline or fibrocartilage, immovable | 4 | |
| 9473094818 | Synovial joint? (Most joints) | Freely movable, hinge, pivot, ball and socket. Ulna-humerus, atlas-axis, Scapula-humerus | 5 | |
| 9473099433 | Characteristics of synovial joints? | Membrane, cavity, fluid, articular cartilage, ligament | 6 | |
| 9473102875 | Flexion? | Bending of limb or joint | 7 | |
| 9473112975 | Extension | Straightening (Opposite of flexion) | 8 | |
| 9473125054 | Abduction | Moving away from body | 9 | |
| 9473128156 | Adduction | Moving towards body | 10 | |
| 9473128157 | Dorsiflexion | Foot going up | 11 | |
| 9473130892 | Plantar flexion | Foot going down | 12 | |
| 9473133938 | Inversion | Movement towards the body | 13 | |
| 9473135967 | Eversion | Movement away from the body | 14 | |
| 9473168141 | Structure of sarcolemma? | Plasma membrane | 15 | |
| 9473169910 | Myoglobin? | Store O2 | 16 | |
| 9473169911 | Glycosome | Glycogen Granule | 17 | |
| 9473171593 | SR | Store Ca2+ | 18 | |
| 9473173102 | T Tubule? | Continuous with sarcolemma; closely associate with SR | 19 | |
| 9473179655 | Myofibril is made up of? | Thin and thick filament, Z disc and M line | 20 | |
| 9473182747 | What is the thin filament made up of? | Actin, tropomyosin, troponin | 21 | |
| 9473185390 | What is the thick filament made up of? | Myosin and titin | 22 | |
| 9473187821 | What does tropomyosin do? | Block myosin binding sites | 23 | |
| 9473189368 | What does troponin do? | Bind to Ca2+ to unblock the myosin binding site | 24 | |
| 9473190884 | What does titin do? | Resists over-stretching | 25 | |
| 9473192725 | What are the Z disc and M line? | Protein networks | 26 | |
| 9473232530 | What is the A band? | Dark band of sarcomere | 27 | |
| 9473336920 | I band? | Pale band | 28 | |
| 9473338425 | Sarcomere | Contains the pale and dark band | 29 | |
| 9473343472 | Neuromuscular junction? | Interaction between motor neuron and skeletal muscle cell | 30 | |
| 9473458211 | Neurotransmitter released at neuromusclar junction? | ACh which is removed by acetylcholinesterase | 31 | |
| 9473461692 | AP generation on sarcolemma? | AP at axon terminal - Ca2+ influx - ACh exocytosis - ACh binds to receptor - Chemical gated Na+ channels open - Na+ influx - Depolarization - voltaged-gated Na+ channels open - Na+ influx - threshold potential - positive feedback - depolarized to AP - voltaged gated K+ channels open - K+ efflux - repolarization | 32 | |
| 9473505258 | Cross bridge cycle | 1. AP goes along T tubule and opens Ca2+ channels in SR 2. Ca2+ enters cytosol and binds to troponin 3. Tropomyosin shifts position to expose binding sites 4. Myosin head binds to actin 5. Power stroke of myosin head causes sliding | 33 | |
| 9473555994 | Function of ATP in cross bridge cycle? | ATP allows myosin to detach from actin (rigormortis without ATP) Hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and P, provides energy: Low energy into higher energy state | 34 | |
| 9473826956 | Does cross bridge cycle stop immediately after AP disappears? | Not until Ca2+ returns to SR | 35 | |
| 9473830164 | What is shortened during isotonic contraction? | Sarcomere | 36 | |
| 9473878693 | Structure of muscle sheath? | Dense fibrous connective tissue | 37 | |
| 9473881520 | Epimysium structure? | Enclose the whole muscle | 38 | |
| 9473881521 | Perimysium structure? | Enclose each fascicle | 39 | |
| 9474030912 | Endomysium | Encloses each muscle fiber | 40 | |
| 9474032451 | Motor unit? | Made up of motor neurons | 41 | |
| 9476160286 | Muscle fatigue | Decline in ability of a muscle to generate force | 42 | |
| 9476177465 | Muscle tone | Continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles | 43 | |
| 9476196577 | Isometric Contraction | Of or involving muscular contraction against resistance in which the length of the muscle remains the same. | 44 | |
| 9476208724 | Isotonic Contraction | Of or involving muscular contraction against resistance in which the length of the muscle changes. Antonym is isometric. Isotonic movements are either concentric (working muscle shortens) or eccentric (working muscle lengthens). | 45 | |
| 9476228182 | Name and describe three periods of muscle twitch? | Latent - The latent period is the time from when the stimulus is delivered to the first indications of contraction in the muscle Contraction - The contraction period, or contraction time, is the time it takes the muscle to reach its peak contraction after the latent period. Relaxation - The relaxation period is the time the muscle takes to return to resting tension after reaching its peak contraction. | 46 | |
| 9476268699 | Define wave summation | Second stimulus before relaxation causes increased force | 47 | |
| 9476336988 | Fused tetanus | Smooth, sustained contraction (under high frequency stimuli) | 48 | |
| 9476381729 | How does the muscle respond to increased strength of stimulus? | Recruitment of motor units (Subthreshold, threshold, maximal) | 49 | |
| 9476506640 | How is ATP generated for muscle? | CP Pathway (Donate p to ADP) Anaerobic glycolysis (produces lactic acid) Aerobic pathway (cellular respiration, produce the most ATP) 60% energy from ATP hydrolysis is wasted as heat | 50 | |
| 9476516175 | What affects contraction force in a given muscle? | Size of muscle fiber, recruitment, frequency of stiumli, optimal length | 51 | |
| 9476535763 | Slow Fibers | Red, aerobic pathway, slow fatigue | 52 | |
| 9476543236 | Fast fibers | White, anaerobic glycolysis, fast fatigue. A muscle usually has mixed fiber types. Fibers in one motor unit are the same type | 53 | |
| 9476547506 | What makes a given muscle contract fast? | Less load, recruit more muscle fibers, more fast fibers (through resistance exercise) | 54 | |
| 9476553542 | What makes a given muscle contract for longer duration? | Less load, recruit more muscle fibers, more slow fibers (through endurance exercise) | 55 | |
| 9476555763 | Why are some muscles more powerful than others? | Contain more muscle fibers | 56 | |
| 9476604452 | Smooth muscle | No T tubule, poor SR, Ca2+ mainly from outside Gap junctions; Use Less ATP Stimulation: by nerve (through varicosities); by chemicals. | 57 | |
| 9476655165 | Origin | The fixed attachment (doesnt move) | 58 | |
| 9476727744 | Insertion | 59 |
