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6194172532AgricultureThe deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.0
6194178666Agrarianconcerning farms, farmers, or the use of land1
6194181265AgribusinessCommercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.2
6194191216Agricultural industrializationThe use of machinery in agriculture, like tractors etc. - makes it easier for farmers to have higher crop yields.3
6194199407Animal DomesticationTaming of animals for selling or using byproducts (the Fertile Crescent had cow, horses, pigs, and sheep, and therefore a comparative advantage over other early culture hearths).4
6194202032AquacultureThe cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions5
6194246020BiorevolutionThe revolution of biotechnology and the use of it in societies, genetic engineering of plants and animals with the potential to greatly exceed the productivity improvements of the Green Revolution6
6194257077biotechnologyA form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes.7
6194268424climatic regionsAreas of the world with similar climatic characteristics8
6194308228intensive commercial agricultureRefers specifically to the production of crops that give high yields and high market value per unit of land. These include fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, all of which are highly perishable, as well as some "factory farm" production of livestock9
6194316542Extensive Commercial AgricultureIt is a system of agriculture in which relatively small amounts of capital or labor investment are applied to relatively large areas of land. Grain and livestock ranching apply.10
6194325276DairyingAn agricultural activity involving the raising of livestock, most commonly cows and goats, for dairy products such as milk, cheese, and butter.11
6194331794Crop rotationThe practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.12
6194334868double croppingharvesting twice a year from the same field13
6194344169primary economic activitiesEconomic activity concerned with the direct extraction of natural resources from the environment- such as mining, fishing, lumbering, and especially agriculture.14
6194359087secondary economic activitiesEconomic activity involving the processing of raw materials and their transformation into finished industrial products: the manufacturing sector.15
6194365660tertiary economic activitiesEconomic activity associated with the provision of services - such as transportation, banking, retailing, education, and routine office-based jobs.16
6194372616quaternary economic activitiesService sector industries concerned with the collection processing, and manipulation of information and capital. Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal services.17
6194380233quinary economic activitiesService sector industries that require a high level of specialized knowledge skill (scientific research, high-level management)18
6194389642extensive subsistence agricultureConsists of any agricultural economy in which the crops and/or animals are used nearly exclusively for local or family consumption on large areas of land and minimal labor input per acre19
6194396845shifting cultivationA form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.20
6194403584nomadic herdingA form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.21
6194406310feedlotan area or building where livestock are fed and fattened up22
6194413428first agricultural revolutionHumans were able to stay in one place, grow their populations, and start to build communities. The ability to produce food without roaming for it increased the carrying capacity of Earth, which charted the path towards the development of civilization. The domestication of plants and animals and the resulting start of a sedentary society (also called the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution)23
6194422265gmoGMO - foods that are mostly products or organisms that have their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as disease resistance, increased productivity, or nutritional value allowing growers greater control, predictability, and efficiency.24
6194424805green revolutionRapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.25
6194435209intensive subsistence agricultureIntensive Subsistence Agriculture A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land26
6194438840livestock ranchingAn extensive commercial agricultural activity that involves the raising of livestock over vast geographic ares typically located in semi-arid climates like the American West.27
6194447075luxury cropsNon-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco28
6194449201market gardeningMarket Gardening The small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers. Distinguishable by the large diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, during a single growing season. Labor is done manually.29
6194456011mediterranean agricultureMediterranean Agriculture An agricultural system practiced in the Mediterranean style climates of Western Europe, California, and portions of Chile and Australia, in which diverse specialty crops such as grapes, avocados, olives, and a host of nuts, fruits, and vegetables comprise profitable agricultural operations.30
6194459424organic agricultureOrganic Agriculture The use of crop rotation, natural fertilizers such as manure, and biological pest control, as opposed to artificial fertilizers,pesticides, hormones, antibiotics, additives, and genetically modified organisms, to promote healthy vigorous crops.31
6194464075plant domesticationPlant Domestication Genetic modification of a plant such that its reproductive success depends on human intervention32
6194466236plantation agriculturePlantation Agriculture Production system based on a large estate owned by an individual, family, or corporation and organized to produce a cash crop. Almost all plantations were established within the tropics; in recent decades, many have been divided into smaller holdings or reorganized as cooperatives33
6194471984rural settlementSparsely settled places away from the influence of large cities. Live in villages, hamlets on farms, or in other isolated houses. Typically have an agricultural character, with an economy based on logging, mining, petroleum, natural gas or tourism (ecotourism).34
6194479304dispersed35
6194479305nucleated36
6194481558village farms37
6194481559sauer38
6194484237second agricultural revolution39
6194488022survey patterns40
6194488023long lot41
6194488099metes and bounds42
6194493034township and range43
6194494972third agriculture revolution44
6194494973transhumance45
6194494974truck farm46
6194499979von thunen47
6194502243agricultural revolution48
6194506044cereal grain49
6194506045chaff50
6194506046combine51
6194508834commercial agriculture52
6194517977crop53
6194517978desertification54
6194517979crop55
6194520368luxury xrops56
6194520369desertification57
6194522754revolution58
6194522755organic culture59
6194524937green revolution60
6194524938feedlot61
6194524968nomadic herding62
6194527864livestock ranch63
6194527865luxury xrops64
6194529708nucleated65
6194529709sauer66
6194529710dispersed67
6194532088rural settlement68
6194532089plant domestication69
6194532090long lot70
6194534129metes and bohnds71
6194534130survey patterns72
6194536582village forms73
6194536583nucleatd74
6194536584plantation75
6194538069survey76
6194538070transhumance77
6194539809second agriculture78
6194539810township and range79

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