Terms : Hide Images
| 114218067 | voting-age population (VAP) | citizens who are eligible to vote after reaching the minimum age requirement | |
| 114218068 | registered voters | people who are registered to vote | |
| 114218069 | literacy test | a requirement that citizens show that they can read before registering to vote, used to keep blacks from voting. | |
| 114218071 | poll tax | a requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote, used to keep blacks from voting | |
| 114218074 | grandfather clause | a clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867 | |
| 114218075 | white primary | the practice of keeping blacks from voting in the southern states' primaries through arbitrary use of registration requirements and intimidation | |
| 114218076 | Australian ballot | A government-printed ballot of uniform dimensions to be cast in secret that many states adopted around 1890 to reduce voting fraud associated with party-printed ballots cast in public | |
| 114218077 | activists | people who tend to participate in all forms of politics | |
| 114218078 | inactives | rarely vote, don't get involved in organizations, probably don't talk about politics much; typically have little education, low incomes, and are relatively young; about 20% of the population (1/5) | |
| 114218079 | complete activists | opposite extreme (to inactives); about 11% of the population (1/9); highly educated, have high incomes, tend to be middle-aged rather than young/old; tend to participate in all forms of politics | |
| 114218080 | voting specialists | people who vote but do little else, tend not to have much schooling or income and to be substantially older than the average person | |
| 114218081 | campaigners | vote but also like to get involved in campaign activities; better educated than the average voter; interest in conflicts, passions, and struggle of politics; clear identification with a political party; willingness to take strong positions | |
| 114218082 | communalists | like campaigners in social background, but have a very different temperament; do not like the conflict and tension of partisan campaigns; tend to reserve energy for community activities of a more nonpartisan nature (forming and joining organizations to deal with local problems, contacting local officials about these problems) | |
| 114218083 | parochial participants | do not vote, stay out of election campaigns and civic associations, but are willing to contact local officials about specific, often personal, problems. Most likely to complain | |
| 114218084 | political party | a group that seeks to elect candidates to public office | |
| 114218085 | The Founding | -lasted until 1820s -founders look down upon political parties (factions) -Republicans (followers of Jefferson) vs. Federalists (followers of Hamilton) -loose caucuses of political notables -Republicans' success and Federalists' demise -no representation of clear economic interests | |
| 114218086 | The Jacksonians | -second party system emerged around 1824 and lasted until the civil war -political participation became a mass phenomenon -party built from the bottom up -abandonment of presidential caucuses -beginning of national conventions to allow local control | |
| 114218087 | Civil War and sectionalism | -Jacksonian system unable to survive slavery issue -new Republicans become dominant because of Civil War (Republicans on Union side), Bryan's alienation of northern Democrats in 1896 -in most states one party predominates -party professionals (stalwarts), one faction in GOP -mugwumps, progressives, or reformers another faction; balance of power at first, diminished role later | |
| 114218088 | The era of reform | -progressive push measures to curtail parties: primary elections, nonpartisan elections, no party-business alliances, strict voter registration requirements, civil serve reform, initiative and referendum elections -effects: reduction in worst forms of political corruption, weakening of all political parties | |
| 114218089 | mugwumps or progressives | Republican party faction of the 1890s to the 1910s, composed of reformers who opposed patronage | |
| 114218090 | critical or realignment period | periods when a major, lasting shift occurs in the popular coalition supporting one or both parties (5 of them- 1800, 1828, 1860, 1896, 1932) | |
| 114218091 | kinds of realignments | -major party disappears and is replaced (1800, 1860) -voters shift from one party to another (1896, 1932) | |
| 114218092 | split ticket | voting for candidates of different parties for various offices in the same election | |
| 114218093 | straight ticket | voting for candidates who are all of the same party | |
| 114218094 | office-bloc ballot | a ballot listing all candidates of a given office under the name of that office, also called a Massachusetts ballot | |
| 114218095 | party-column ballot | a ballot listing all candidates of a given party together under the name of that party, also called an Indiana ballot | |
| 114218096 | national convention | a meeting of party delegates held every four years | |
| 114218097 | national committee | delegates who run party affairs between national conventions | |
| 114218098 | congressional campaign committee | a party committee in Congress that provides funds to members and would-be members | |
| 114218099 | national chairman | day-to-day party manager elected by the national committee | |
| 114218100 | superdelegates | party leaders and elected officials who become delegates to the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses | |
| 114218101 | political machine | a party organization that recruits members by dispensing patronage | |
| 114218102 | ideological party | a party that values principled stands on issues above all else | |
| 114218103 | solidary incentives | the social rewards (sense of pleasure, status, or companionship) that lead people to join political organizations | |
| 114218104 | sponsored party | a local or state political party that is largely supported by another organization in the community | |
| 114218105 | personal following | the political support provided to a candidate on the basis of personal popularity and networks | |
| 114218106 | two-party system | an electoral system with two dominant parties that compete in national elections | |
| 114218107 | plurality system | an electoral system in which the winner is the person who gets the most votes, even if her or she does not receive a majority; used in almost all American elections | |
| 114218108 | caucus | a meeting of party members to select delegates backing one or another primary candidate | |
| 114246940 | voting eligible population (VEP) | citizens are who are eligible and able to vote, does not include prisoners, felons, or aliens. |
