famous court cases for National exam. study
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| 770830058 | Brown v. Board of Education | 1954, school segregation ruled as unconstitutional, violated the fourteenth amendment's guarantee of equal protection | |
| 770830059 | Plessy v. Ferguson | 1896, provided constitutional justification for segregation | |
| 770830060 | Bush v. Gore | 2000, equal protection clause to prove that ballots cannot be devalued, Florida's method of counting ballots was unconstitutional. | |
| 770830061 | Engel v. Vitale | 1962, state officials violated the first amendment by writing a prayer to be recited by new York schoolchildren | |
| 770830062 | Lemon v. Kurtzman | 1971, aid to church related schools must have a secular legislative purpose, have an effect that neither enhances nor inhibits religion, no excessive gov. entanglement with religion. | |
| 770830063 | Near v. Minnesota | 1931, first amendment protects newspapers from prior restraint | |
| 770830064 | Gibbons v. Ogden | 1963, supreme court interpreted the article 1, section 8 of the constitution giving congress power to regulate interstate commerce | |
| 770830065 | Miranda v. Arizona | 1966, sets guidelines for police questioning of accused persons against self-incrimination and protect their right to counsel. | |
| 770830066 | Roe v. Wade | 1973, held that a state ban on abortions was unconstitutional, forbade state control over abortions during 1st trimester, permitted states to limit abortions for the mothers health in the 2nd trimester, and permitted states to protect the fetus during the third trimester. | |
| 770830067 | Mapp v. Ohio | 1961, fourth amendment's protection against unreasonable searches an seizures must be extended to the states as well as the federal government. | |
| 770830068 | Marbury v. Madison | 1803, right to the supreme court to determine the meaning of the constitution, established Court's power of judicial review over acts of congress. | |
| 770830069 | McCulloch v. Maryland | 1819, established the supremacy of the national government over state governments. congress has certain implied powers in addition to the eneumerated powers. | |
| 770830070 | Gideon v. Wainwright | 1963, anyone accused of a felony has a right to an attorney | |
| 770830071 | Texas v. Johnson | 1989, supreme court struck down a law banning the burning of the American flag | |
| 770830072 | US v. Nixon | 1974, the doctrine of executive privilege was implicit in the constitution but could not be extended to protect documents relevant to criminal prosecutions. | |
| 770830073 | Lawrence v. Texas | 2002, liberty under the due process clause allows people to engage in conduct without intervention of the government | |
| 770830074 | Tinker v. DesMoines | 1968, wearing of armbands is protected by the first amendment | |
| 770830075 | Korematsu v. US | 1944, upheld the internment of Japanese during WWII as constitutional | |
| 770830076 | Regents of U.Cal v. Burke | a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely because of their race. the court did not rule that affirmative action policies and the use of criterion for admission were unconstitutional, only that they need an alternative way. | |
| 770830077 | Adarand Constructors v. Pena | 1995 supreme court decision holding that federal programs that classify people by race, even for an apparently gracious purpose such as expanding opportunities for minorities, should be presumed to be unconstitutional. | |
| 770830078 | Barron v. Baltimore | 1833 ruled that the bill of rights restrained only the national government, not states and cities | |
| 770830079 | Gitlow v. New York | state governments must respect some first amendment rights |
