Terms : Hide Images
| 131599082 | natural rights | rights all people have | 0 | |
| 131599083 | social contract theory | giving up unlimited freedom and agreeing to live under a government | 1 | |
| 131599084 | democracy | ruled by the people | 2 | |
| 131599085 | republican government | we vote for the people to represent us | 3 | |
| 131599086 | articles of confederation | first plan for the united states government | 4 | |
| 131599087 | shay's rebellion | popular upraising that lead to the convention to amend articles | 5 | |
| 131599088 | virginia plan | representation based on population | 6 | |
| 131599089 | new jersey plan | bicameral based on equal representation | 7 | |
| 131599090 | connecticut compromise | bicameral hors pop based and senate equal | 8 | |
| 131599091 | unicameral | one chamber | 9 | |
| 131599092 | bicameral | two chambers | 10 | |
| 131599093 | 3/5 compromise | slaves are worth and counted as 3/5 of a person | 11 | |
| 131599094 | federalists | in favor of a strong national government | 12 | |
| 131599095 | anit-federalists | in favor of strong state governments | 13 | |
| 131599096 | federalist papers | essays by federalist who wanted a national government and ratification of the constitution | 14 | |
| 131599097 | ratify | to pass or sign into law; to approve | 15 | |
| 131599098 | bill of rights | first ten amendments | 16 | |
| 131599099 | amendment | formal modification of the constitution | 17 | |
| 131599100 | popular sovereignty | people have ultimate authority of state | 18 | |
| 131599101 | separation of powers | power or duties of the government are separated among three branches | 19 | |
| 131599102 | checks and balances | make sure one group doesnt get more control but are given control | 20 | |
| 131599103 | limited government | certain restrictions on government | 21 | |
| 131599104 | judicial review | reviews laws and actions to make sure they're constitutional | 22 | |
| 131599105 | representative democracy | indirectly controlled by the people | 23 | |
| 131599106 | necessary and proper clause | allows congress to pass any laws deemed necessary to carry out enumerated powers | 24 | |
| 131599107 | commerce clause | national government can regulate interstate trade | 25 | |
| 131599108 | full faith and credit clause | states must respect legal proceedings of other states | 26 | |
| 131599109 | privileges and immunities clause | no double standards for laws (cant apply different laws for different states) | 27 | |
| 131599110 | supremacy clause | supreme law of the land | 28 | |
| 131599111 | establishment clause | government cant establish an official religion or inhibit a religion | 29 | |
| 131599112 | delegated/expressed/enumerated powers | directly stated | 30 | |
| 131599113 | implied powers | derived from expressed powers | 31 | |
| 131599114 | inherent powers | government have just because they're a government | 32 | |
| 132886832 | bills of attainder | deprive of due process, cant establish guilt without charge | 33 | |
| 132886833 | writ of habeas corpus | cant charge and hold anyone without a charge and try | 34 | |
| 132886834 | ex post facto | cant pass a law that punishes people for something that was legal when they did it | 35 | |
| 132886835 | federalism | levels of government | 36 | |
| 132886836 | dual federalism | each level maintains direct jurisdiction | 37 | |
| 132890583 | cooperative federalism | increased interaction between levels | 38 | |
| 132890585 | creative federalism | national government takes majority power to push great society plan through | 39 | |
| 132890586 | new federalism | power returned to states | 40 | |
| 133433197 | block grants | states get money in discretion, go towards general types of projects | 41 | |
| 133433198 | categorical grants | money goes towards specific projects | 42 | |
| 133433199 | selective incorporation | a process by which the courts apply constitutional rights to state governments | 43 | |
| 135839392 | census | count of the population | 44 | |
| 135839393 | apportionment | assigning each state how many representatives they get | 45 | |
| 135839394 | redistricting | set up districts for each representative to have | 46 | |
| 135839395 | gerrymandering | drawing up unusual district lines to favor one party over the other | 47 | |
| 135839396 | congressional district | area represented by a member of the house | 48 | |
| 135839397 | term | two year period | 49 | |
| 135839398 | session | one year or half a term | 50 | |
| 137827056 | legislative oversight | congress oversees how policies are being carried out by the executive branch | 51 | |
| 137827057 | house rules committee | establish the length and scope of debate | 52 | |
| 137827058 | ways and means committee | committee that deals with tax policy | 53 | |
| 137827059 | appropriations/ power of the purse | committee decides where the money goes/ controls spending | 54 | |
| 137827060 | filibuster | debating indefinitely to prevent passage | 55 | |
| 137827061 | cloture | vote to end filibuster | 56 | |
| 137827062 | riders/ earmarks/ pork | additions/ amendments to bills in order to get money for projects | 57 | |
| 137827063 | pork barrel | bill with tons of earmarks | 58 | |
| 137827064 | conference committee | committee that reconciles the house and senate versions of a bill | 59 | |
| 137827065 | standing committee | permanent committees that always exist from session to session | 60 | |
| 137827066 | joint committee | committees made of people from both the HoR and senate that are study or analysis committees | 61 | |
| 137827067 | select committee | temporary committee that studies a current issue/problem | 62 | |
| 137827068 | pocket veto | a veto where the president doesn't actually veto. this happens during the last 10 days of a session | 63 | |
| 137827069 | pigeonhole | a committee ignoring a bill | 64 | |
| 137827070 | discharge petition | taking a pigeonhole bill and having it released the committee of the whole | 65 | |
| 140034030 | incrementalism | gradually changing policies in big ways overtime | 66 | |
| 140034031 | policy fragmentation | implement policies differently in different places | 67 | |
| 140034032 | issue setting | framing the issue | 68 | |
| 140034033 | issue-attention cycle | window of opportunity for a politician to present and push for policy | 69 | |
| 140034034 | fiscal policy | taxing and spending policy | 70 | |
| 140034035 | monetary policy | controlling availability and thus the value of money | 71 | |
| 140034036 | trade deficit | importing more then youre exporting to a foreign country | 72 | |
| 140034037 | deficit spending | spending more then youre taking in | 73 | |
| 140034038 | laissez-faire economics | government remains uninvolved in business affairs | 74 | |
| 140034039 | keynesian economics | government does temporary deficit spending in order to stimulate economy | 75 | |
| 140034040 | supply-side economics (raganomics) | encourage economic growth by lowering taxes of the rich | 76 | |
| 140034041 | office of management and budget | part of white house office studying the impact that programs and fiscal policy will have on the budget | 77 | |
| 140034042 | congressional budget office | study the impact that programs and fiscal policy will have on the budget | 78 | |
| 140034043 | mandatory spending | spending that is controlled by specific laws | 79 | |
| 140034044 | discretionary spending | things the government chooses to pay for | 80 | |
| 140034045 | entitlement programs | programs that benefit individuals that meet certain requirements | 81 | |
| 140034046 | medicare | health care for old people | 82 | |
| 140034047 | social security | an old age/ disability social safety net program | 83 | |
| 140034048 | welfare reform act | passed in the Clinton administration in order to cut waste and make welfare more efficient | 84 | |
| 145960778 | chief executive | role of president that oversees bureaucracy; enforces laws | 85 | |
| 145960779 | head of state | role of president; figurehead/ ceremonial | 86 | |
| 145960780 | executive agreements | agreement between two executives | 87 | |
| 145960781 | commander in chief | role of president in charge of military. deploy troops for 90 days | 88 | |
| 145960782 | tonkin gulf resolution | allowed president more power in deploying troops to Vietnam | 89 | |
| 145960783 | war powers act | canceled tonkin gulf resolution | 90 | |
| 145960784 | white house office | day to day advisers that have daily interaction with the president | 91 | |
| 145960785 | executive office of the president | overseeing the executive branch on behalf of the president ex. OMB | 92 | |
| 145960786 | chief of staff | president point man decides schedule | 93 | |
| 145960787 | impeachment | a trail to remove an elected official in the case of wrongdoing | 94 | |
| 145960788 | national security council/ adviser | a group of advisers that recommended what to do with foreign affairs | 95 | |
| 145960789 | regulatory agency/ commission | regulate/ supervise a sector | 96 | |
| 145960790 | cabinet | group of department advisers that report to the president | 97 | |
| 145960791 | bureaucrat | civil servant. anyone who works for the government | 98 | |
| 145960792 | quasi-legislative | unofficial legislative power gained through implementation ex. sec has power over bank legislation | 99 | |
| 145960793 | quasi-executive | unofficial executive power gained through implementation | 100 | |
| 145960794 | iron triangle | relationships between congressional committee, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups and how they help and influence each other | 101 | |
| 145960795 | fragmentation | have same jurisdiction are working against each other | 102 | |
| 145960796 | duplication | have same jurisdiction and are doing the same thing (overlap) | 103 | |
| 145960797 | pendleton act and civil service system | 1883- sought to make political appointment more merit based | 104 | |
| 145985023 | spoils system | give jobs to political allies and friends | 105 | |
| 145985024 | hatch act | 1939- prohibits campaigning for themselves or others | 106 | |
| 145985025 | federal reserve board | board of directors that makes decisions for the federal reserve | 107 | |
| 147597923 | judiciary act of 1789 | a law that establishes the court system we have today | 108 | |
| 147597924 | original jurisdiction | first court that hears the case | 109 | |
| 147597925 | appellate jurisdiction | a court hearing a case on appeals | 110 | |
| 147597926 | amicus curie | people who have interest in the case can submit information, research, and opinions the court to make decisions on a case | 111 | |
| 147597927 | writ of certiorari | a document that says the supreme court will hear the case | 112 | |
| 147597928 | stare decisis | deference to previously made decisions and interpretation to law that relies on precedent | 113 | |
| 147597929 | precedent | what happened before | 114 | |
| 148035001 | judicial activism | liberal; interpreting the meaning of the constitution | 115 | |
| 148035002 | judicial restraint | conservative; literal interpretation of the constitution | 116 | |
| 156133234 | political parties | group of people ideological homogeneous- seek to influence government by getting people elected | 117 | |
| 156133235 | political spectrum | continuum representing political ideological persuasion of electorates | 118 | |
| 156133236 | two-party system | democrats and republicans- two parties | 119 | |
| 156133237 | primary elections | choose candidates for parties | 120 | |
| 156133238 | bolter parties | ... | 121 | |
| 156133239 | doctrinal parties | party that is ideologically driven | 122 | |
| 156133240 | single-issue parties | party that focuses on very limited issues | 123 | |
| 156133241 | independent candidates | candidate that isnt part of the dem or rep party | 124 | |
| 156133242 | platform | candidates position on issues | 125 | |
| 156133243 | split ticket voting | voting some rep and some dem | 126 | |
| 156133244 | party dealignment | people migrate away from party they had long loyalty to | 127 | |
| 156133245 | party realignment | electorate shift ideologically towards one party | 128 | |
| 156133246 | divided government | legislative controlled by one party and presidency is controlled by another | 129 | |
| 156133247 | coalition | an alliance between opposite parties | 130 | |
| 156133248 | political action committees (PACs) | ... | 131 | |
| 156133249 | critical election | an election when party realignment occurs | 132 | |
| 164533748 | public opinion | views of american people | 133 | |
| 164533749 | political socialization | process of having you political ideology formed and/or influenced | 134 | |
| 164533750 | random sampling | takes demographics into account, tried to draw a representative sample of public opinion | 135 | |
| 164533751 | straw polls | emphasis quantity of participants | 136 | |
| 164533752 | exit polls | asking people who they voted for after they voted | 137 | |
| 164533753 | equal time rule | rule that requires media to give equal access to candidates | 138 | |
| 164533754 | media bias | represent one point of view over the other | 139 | |
| 164533755 | trial balloon | float press release to gauge reaction of the public | 140 | |
| 164533756 | loaded language | asking a question to get a particular answer | 141 | |
| 164533757 | adversarial press | medias job is to work in opposition to politicians in order to find the truth | 142 | |
| 164533758 | on the record | saying it officially. you can be quoted directly name and all | 143 | |
| 164533759 | off the record | reporter cant use the info directly as a source | 144 | |
| 164533760 | on background | can say the persons indirectly (can say the title but not the name) | 145 | |
| 164533761 | on deep background | can allude to things but cant quote | 146 |
