Terms : Hide Images
| 5419702425 | Necessary and Proper Clause | Section of the Constitution allowing Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to its duties and which has permitted Congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it by the Constitution | 0 | |
| 5419702427 | Dual federalism | Doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are supreme in theirs and the two spheres should be kept separate. |  | 1 |
| 5419702428 | Unitary System | sovereignty is wholly in the hands of the national government | 2 | |
| 5419702429 | Sovereignty | supreme or ultimate political authority. | 3 | |
| 5419702430 | Confederation | States are sovereign and the national government is allowed to do only that which the states permit | 4 | |
| 5419702431 | McCulloch v Maryland | The Constitution's "necessary and proper" clause permits Congress to take actions (in this case to create a national bank) when it is essential to a power that Congress has (in this case, managing the currency) | 5 | |
| 5419702432 | Gibbons v Ogden | The Constitution's commerce clause gives the national government exclusive power to regulate interstate commerce | 6 | |
| 5419702433 | United States v Lopez | The national government's power under the commerce clause does not permit it to regulate matters not directly related to interstate commerce (in this case, banning firearms in a school zone) | 7 | |
| 5419702434 | Initiative | Process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot | 8 | |
| 5419702435 | Referendum | Procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature | 9 | |
| 5419702436 | Recall | Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office | 10 | |
| 5419702437 | Grants-in-aid | Money given by the national government to the states | 11 | |
| 5419702438 | Categorical grants | Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport | 12 | |
| 5419702439 | Block grants | Federal grants for general purposes and with few restrictions | 13 | |
| 5419702441 | Mandates | Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants | 14 |
