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| 7671736648 | Necessary and Proper Clause/Elastic Clause | Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution allowing Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to its duties and which has permitted Congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it by the Constitution | 0 | |
| 7671736649 | Nullification | The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state's opinion, violates the Constitution | 1 | |
| 7671736650 | Dual federalism | Doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are supreme in theirs and the two spheres should be kept separate. |  | 2 |
| 7671736651 | Unitary System | sovereignty is wholly in the hands of the national government | 3 | |
| 7671736652 | Sovereignty | supreme or ultimate political authority. | 4 | |
| 7671736653 | Confederation | States are sovereign and the national government is allowed to do only that which the states permit | 5 | |
| 7671736654 | McCulloch v Maryland | The Constitution's "necessary and proper" clause permits Congress to take actions (in this case to create a national bank) when it is essential to a power that Congress has (in this case, managing the currency) | 6 | |
| 7671736655 | Gibbons v Ogden | The Constitution's commerce clause gives the national government exclusive power to regulate interstate commerce | 7 | |
| 7671736656 | United States v Lopez | The national government's power under the commerce clause does not permit it to regulate matters not directly related to interstate commerce (in this case, banning firearms in a school zone) | 8 | |
| 7671736657 | Initiative | Process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot | 9 | |
| 7671736658 | Referendum | Procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature | 10 | |
| 7671736659 | Recall/Impeachement | Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office | 11 | |
| 7671736660 | Grants-in-aid | Money given by the national government to the states | 12 | |
| 7671736661 | Categorical grants | Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport | 13 | |
| 7671736662 | Block grants | Federal grants for general purposes and with few restrictions | 14 | |
| 7671736663 | Conditions of aid | Terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds | 15 | |
| 7671736664 | Mandates | Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants | 16 | |
| 7671736666 | Cooporative federalism | National, State, Local policy makers work to solve problems involving interdependency together | 17 | |
| 7671736668 | Commerce Clause | Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution, which gives Congress the power "to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes." | 18 | |
| 7671736669 | Missouri Compromise | 1820, Outlaw of slavery in free states | 19 | |
| 7671758007 | Who wrote Federalist No. 28? | Alexander Hamilton | 20 | |
| 7671911337 | Kelo v. City of New London | Eminent domain was used, in regards to selling private property by government | 21 | |
| 7671945894 | Eminent Domain | Power of a government to take private property for public use, sometimes able to get compensation. | 22 | |
| 7671956099 | Article 1 | Gives Congress powers and limits. | 23 | |
| 7671973382 | Article 2 | Made the Executive Branch | 24 | |
| 7671985675 | Article 3 | Made the Judicial Branch | 25 | |
| 7671993981 | Article 4 | Responsibility and duties of the states | 26 | |
| 7672010644 | Article 5 | Formal and Informal Amendment Process | 27 | |
| 7672020104 | Article 6 | Any debts or engagements that the country was involved in before the Constitution was put into action are still valid. Constitution is the highest law of the country and that all state and federal officers and judges have to uphold the Constitution and all of its rules | 28 | |
| 7672252118 | Article 7 | At least nine states needed to ratify the Constitution in order for it to be applied to all of the states | 29 | |
| 7672282864 | 17-12-10 | 17 proposed, 12 Okay with Congress, 10 Okay with Legislature for the Bill of Rights | 30 | |
| 7672299658 | Formal Amendment Process | Change the meaning by changing the words | 31 | |
| 7673654198 | Ways of FAP | 1. 2/3 vote in each house of Congress, then 3/4 of state legislatures. 2. 2/3 vote in both houses of Congress, then 3/4 of state conventions. 3. 2/3 of states call on Congress for a national convention, then 3/4 of state legislatures. 4. 2/3 of states call on Congress for a national convention, then 3/4 of state conventions. | 32 | |
| 7673772872 | How many of each process has been used for formally amending the Constitution? | 1. - 26 of 27 2. 1 of 27 times- the 21st amendment | 33 | |
| 7673789649 | Informal Amendment Process | Changes the meaning, without changing the words. | 34 | |
| 7673795128 | What can be informally amended? | Laws, Presidential Actions, Supreme Court Decisions, Political Parties, Customs/Traditions. | 35 | |
| 7673833946 | Supremacy Clause | The federal government governs the same people as the states. | 36 | |
| 7673841628 | Amendment 10 | Reserved powers to the states | 37 | |
| 7673844213 | Amendment 11 | States can't be sued by citizens of other states or foreign nations | 38 | |
| 7673853551 | Article 4- | Extradition, privilages and immunities, full faith and credit, interstate compacts. | 39 | |
| 7673869562 | Extradition | Taking someone out of one state or country to another. Return the person to attain justice. | 40 | |
| 7673885403 | Privilages and Immunities | State's can't unreasonably discriminate citizens in their states from other states. | 41 | |
| 7673900660 | Full Faith and Credit | Legal documents transfer from state to state | 42 | |
| 7673908915 | Interstate Compacts | Certain powers that are denied, Congress approves the agreement between two or more states. | 43 | |
| 7673964826 | Munn and Wabash Case | Trade, railroad traffic, Granger Laws. Gave more power to the National Government. | 44 | |
| 7673995074 | US v. Morrison | Struck down violence against women act because it had a bad effect on interstate commerce | 45 | |
| 7674000005 | Printz v. US | Struck down provisions of the federal Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, started the background checks for handguns | 46 | |
| 7674014374 | South Dakota v. Dole | Drinking Age | 47 | |
| 7674017746 | Alden v. Maine | Soverign Immunity, federal labor laws not being obeyed | 48 | |
| 7674026322 | Chrisholm v. Georgia | 11th Amendment | 49 | |
| 7674030070 | Gonzales v. Raich | Controlled the substance act, allowing/enforcing drugs | 50 | |
| 7674039200 | Arizona v. US | Immigration laws | 51 | |
| 7674049729 | Types of Federalism | Dual, Marble Cake, Competitive, Permissive, New (ours) | 52 | |
| 7677849235 | Competitive | Compete to provide services | 53 | |
| 7677856345 | Permissive | What states di is permitted by national. Like unitary | 54 | |
| 7677882642 | New (our) Federalism | Devolution/preemptive legislation switches to Republican, judicial federalism | 55 | |
| 7677919460 | Delegated | Expressively, inherent, implied | 56 | |
| 7677941045 | Expressively | Word for word in the Constitution | 57 | |
| 7677946071 | Inherent | Belong to national because it's the national government, diplomatic recognition | 58 | |
| 7677974910 | Implied | Found by reading between the lines, elastic clause | 59 | |
| 7677987387 | Concurrent | Shared powers the national and state's can do | 60 | |
| 7677998085 | Reserved | 10th amendment to the states | 61 | |
| 7678001832 | Denied | Expressly, silence, federalism | 62 | |
| 7678008828 | Denied States | Expressly, federalism, McColluch v. Maryland | 63 | |
| 7678031554 | Bills of Attainder | Prohibits a person being found guilty of a crime without a trial | 64 | |
| 7678063701 | Ladder of Laws | 1. Constitution 2. Laws passed by Congress 3. State Constitution 4. State Laws 5. Local Laws | 65 | |
| 7678075803 | Obligations to the state | 1. Guarantee a "republican forms" to the states 2. Protection v. internal rebellion 3. Guarantee territorial integrity | 66 | |
| 7678091295 | Monetary Cooperation | Grants, revenue sharing, lulu payments, state aid to national government | 67 | |
| 7678147416 | Interstate Cooperation | Compacts, full faith and credit, extradition, privileges and immunities | 68 | |
| 7678177040 | Williams v. North Carolina | Divorce in Vegas, example of interstate cooperation | 69 | |
| 7678184312 | Kentucky v. Dennison | Federal courts don't have the authority to order a person back for justice, an example of interstate cooperation, extradition | 70 | |
| 7678218246 | Puerto Rico v. Branstad | Ran over and killed lady with fetus, example of interstate cooperation | 71 | |
| 7678222754 | Compact | Agreements between states to get something done | 72 | |
| 7678226798 | Coyle v. Smith | Oklahoma wanted to be a state, brought complications, seen in Taft & Arizona case | 73 | |
| 7678243008 | Process of statehood | 1. Territory becomes populated, applies for statehood 2. Congress passes enabling act 3. Territory holds convention, writes constitution, then ratifies it 4. Congress passes act of admission, Congress could require changes 5. President must sign law or could veto and be overridden by Congress 6. New state on equal terms with others | 74 | |
| 7678295468 | Congressional laws and Treaties on the same wrung? | Whichever was the most recent when at debate, most recent reflects the people the most | 75 |
