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AP Government Court Cases

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6828143Marbury V MadisonThis case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review
6828144McCullough V MarylandIn establishing a national bank, Congress was legally exercising its enumerated powers not sepcifically mentioned in the Constitution.
6828145Cohen V VirginiaEstablished the authority of the court to review state criminal cases on appeal
6828146Gibbons V OgdenRegulating interstate commerce is a power reserved to the federal government
6828147Dred Scott 1857Outlawed Missouri Compromise. Denial of slavery was a 5th amendment property violation. Blacks were NOT citizens
6828148Plessy V Ferguson 1896Seperate but equal facilities based upon race is constitutional
6828149Schenk v. U.S. 1919Congress has the right to prohibit speech that causes a "clear and present danger"
6828150West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette (1943)Students in public schools may not be compelled to recite the Pledge of Allegiance
6828151Korematsu v. U.S.The court ruled that the ordering of Japanese=Americans into internment camps was constitutional
6828152Brown V Board 1954Segregation in SCHOOLS is a violation of the 14th amendment
6828153Mapp V OhioEstablished the exclusionary rule was applicable to the states (evidence seized illegally cannot be used in court)
6828154Engle V VitaleMandatory prayer in schools is a violation of the establishment clause
6828155Gideon V Wainright 1963If a defendant cannot afford an attorney the state must provide one
6828156Griswold V ConnecticutEstablished that there is an implied right to privacy in the U.S. Constitution
6828157Miranda V ArizonaThe accused must be notified of their rights before being questioned by the police
6828158TinkerThough they can be restricted, "students do not leave their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse door"
6828159Lemon V KurtzmanLaw must be clearly secular, not prohibiting or inhibiting religion, and there should be no excessive entanglement
6828160Roe V Wade 1973Abortion rights fall within the privacy implied in the 14th amendment
6828161U.S. V Nixon"Executive privilege" is not unlimited
6828162Gregg V Georgia 1976Death penalty is not "cruel and unusual punishment" in cases of murder
6828163Regents of California V BakkeRace can not be the only factor in college admissions, there can be no quotas.
6828164South Dakota V DoleFederal government allowed to use spending power to influence state policy for the public wefare (drinking age went up in the states in order to get federal funding)
6828165Texas V Johnson 1984Flag burning is protected speech
6828166Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)States can place restrictions on abortions (viability tests, no use of public facilities for abortions, no counseling to have abortions)
6828167Clinton V JonesA sitting president is not immune to civil litigation except in extraordinary circumstances
6828168Reno V ACLU 1996Federal law designed to prohibit "indecency" on the internet was unconstitutional
6828169Clinton V New York City 1997Ruled that the law granting the president the line item-veto was unconstitutional
6828170Bush V Gore 2001Hand-counting in Florida was a violation of Equal Protection clause, made George W. Bush the winner of the 2000 election
6828171Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)Race can be used as a factor for admission into a public law school as long as the policy is "narrowly tailored"
6828172Kelo V New London 2005"Eminent Domain" may be used to take private property for the public good even if this means giving it to private developers
6829590Wesberry V SandersOne person, one vote (in redistricting for federal elections, each congressional district was to be approximately the same) In Georgia, the 5th district had 3 to 4 times more people than did the other districts.
6829591Buckley V ValeoCandidates can use as much of their own money on their own campaigns.
6829592Baker V CarrOne person one vote-state elections (Warren Court's judicial activism.)
6829593New York Times V SullivanLibel case-writer did it with intent to defame-knew it was false-wrote it with malicious intent. Public officials/figures have less privacy rights.
6849020Printz V United States 1997Using the Necessary and Proper Clause of Article I as justification, Congress CAN NOT require state officials to regulate handgun purchases by performing those duties called for by the Brady Bill's handgun applicant background-checks?
6849021United States V Morrison 2000Congress DOES NOT have the authority to enact the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 under either the Commerce Clause or Fourteenth Amendment?
6849022Smith V Allright 1944Outlawed all white primaries
6850255U.S. Term Limits Inc. Thornton 1995States CAN NOT alter qualifications for the U.S. Congress that are specifically enumerated in the Constitution?
6890086Near V Minnesotathe 1931 Supreme Court decision holding that the first amendment protects newspapers from prior restraint.
6916666Miller V California1973 ruling that determined the obscenity clause to related to works that lack literary, artisitic, political or scientific value. (LAPS test)
6916667Palko v. Connecticut (1937)Provided test for determining which parts of Bill of Rights should be applicable to the states - those which are fundamently necessary for liberty to exist.
6916668Epperson V Arkansas 1968Prohibited states from banning the teaching of evolution.
6916669Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1987)More leeway for states in regulation abortion, though no overturning of Roe v. Wade. Upholds MO law prohibiting abortion in public hospitals; shift in composition of court. (Later cases allow 24-hour waiting periods, parental consent for minors, etc.)
6916670Shaw V Reno 1993NO racial gerrymandering; race cannot be the sole or predominant factor in redrawing legislative boundaries; majority-minority districts.
6916671U.S. Lopez 1995Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce.
6916672Barron V Baltimore 1833Bill of Rights was NOT applicable to the states

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