AP Test Prep
Terms : Hide Images
| 9800951179 | Muckraker | Journalist who exposed corruption and other problems of the late 1800s and early 1900s/one who spreads real or alleged scandal about another (usually for political advantage) |  | 0 |
| 9800951180 | Associated Press | The telegraph system allowed the exchange of national and international news to be shared by different newspapers, and in 1846, newspaper publishers from around the nation gathered to create an organization that would promote cooperative news gathering by wire. | 1 | |
| 9800951181 | Yellow Journalism | Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers. | 2 | |
| 9800951182 | Equal Time Rule | an FCC rule that if a broadcaster sells time to one candidate, it must sell equal time to other candidates. | 3 | |
| 9800951183 | Right-of-Reply Rule | A regulation by the FCC permitting a person the right to respond if attacked on a broadcast other than in a regular news program. | 4 | |
| 9800951184 | Political Editorializing Rule | A rule of the FCC that if a broadcaster endorses a candidate, the opposing candidate has a right to reply | 5 | |
| 9800951185 | Adversarial Press | the tendency of the national media to be suspicious of officials and eager to reveal unflattering stories about them | 6 | |
| 9800951186 | Off/On The Record | information provided to a journalist that will not be released to the public/ information provided to a journalist that can be released and attributed by name to the source. | 7 | |
| 9800951187 | On (deep) Background | what the official says can be used but not attributed to anybody, even an anonymous source...Information from an official that can be printed but not attributed at all. | 8 | |
| 9800951188 | "Big Three" Networks | The original television broadcasting networks: ABC, CBS, NBC | 9 | |
| 9800951189 | Sound Bites | short snippets of information aimed at dramatizing a story rather than explaining its substantive meaning | 10 | |
| 9800951190 | Libel | Written untruths that are harmful to someone's reputation. | 11 | |
| 9800951191 | Slander | words falsely spoken that damage the reputation of another. | 12 | |
| 9800951192 | Defamation | act of harming or ruining another's reputation. | 13 | |
| 9800951193 | Prior Restraint | A government preventing material from being published. This is a common method of limiting the press in some nations, but it is usually unconstitutional in the United States, according to the First Amendment and as confirmed in the 1931 Supreme Court case of Near v. Minnesota. | 14 | |
| 9800951194 | The Pentagon Papers | Common case dealing with prior restraints and national security involved the publications of stolen pentagon papers about military involvement in Vietnam were leaked | 15 | |
| 9800951195 | Trial Balloon | Tests the public reaction to policy or appointments by releasing information to the media and gaugin public reaction | 16 | |
| 9800951196 | Loaded Language | words that imply a value judgement, used to persuade a reader without having made a serious argument | 17 | |
| 9800951197 | Fairness Doctrine | an FCC requirement that broadcasters who air programs on controversial issues provide time for opposing views. | 18 | |
| 9800951198 | Selective Attention | paying attention only to those news stories with which one already agrees | 19 | |
| 9800951199 | Editorial Endorsement | a media source declaring support for a candidate or policy | 20 | |
| 9800951200 | C-SPAN | The cable network that provides gavel-to-gavel coverage of congressional floor proceedings, committee hearings, and special events. | 21 | |
| 9800951201 | Routine Stories | media stories about events that are regularly covered by reporters | 22 | |
| 9800951202 | Feature Stories | media stories about events that, though public, are not regularly covered by reporters | 23 | |
| 9800951203 | Insider Stories | A type of news story that involves information not usually made public which requires investigative work on the part of a reporter or a leak by some public official. | 24 | |
| 9800951204 | News Leaks | the tactic used widely by White House officials of releasing information to the press on an anonymous basis when it serves the officials interests to have the information publicized. some of these are unauthorized and unwanted by the White House. | 25 | |
| 9800951205 | Feeding Frenzy | Just as sharks engage in a feeding frenzy when they sense blood in the water, the media "attack" when they sense wrongdoing or scandal in government, and devote great amounts of coverage to such stories. |  | 26 |
| 9800951206 | Pack Journalism | the tendency of journalists to cover stories because other journalists are covering them and to ignore stories that other journalists arent covering | 27 | |
| 9800951207 | New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964) | Case in which the Supreme Court concluded that "actual malice" must be proven to support a finding of libel against a public figure | 28 | |
| 9800951208 | Federal Communications Commission | an independent governmeent agency that regulates interstate and international communications by radio and television and wire and cable and satellite | 29 | |
| 9800951209 | Telecommunications Act | effort to do away with most regulations: loosened restrictions on media ownership, allowed telephone companies, cable tv providers, and broadcasters to compete with each other for telecommunication services | 30 | |
| 9800951210 | Shield Law | Law guaranteeing news reporters the right to protect the annonymity of their sources. States have passed this--not the federal government. | 31 | |
| 9800951211 | "Above" or "Below The Fold" Stories | stories that are important news stories, this is where the photographs are located. | 32 | |
| 9800951212 | Freedom of Information Act (1974) | Allows public access to nonclassified federal documents. | 33 |
