Terms : Hide Images
| 5918279493 | Central Place Theory | -A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services -larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther |  | 0 |
| 5918279500 | Gravity Model | A model which holds that the POTENTIAL USE OF A SERVICE at a particular location is DIRECTLY related to the NUMBER OR PEOPLE in a location and INVERSELY related to the DISTANCE people must travel to reach the service | 1 | |
| 5918279501 | Hinterland | -aka Market Area -the AREA SURROUNDING a CENTRAL PLACE from which PEOPLE ARE ATTRACTED to use the places goods and services | 2 | |
| 5918279503 | Primate City Rule | A pattern of settlements in a country such that the LARGEST SETTLEMENT has MORE THAN TWICE as many PEOPLE as the SECOND RANKING SETTLEMENT | 3 | |
| 5918279505 | Range (economic reach) | -Of a service -the MAXIMUM DISTANCE people are willing to travel to use a service | 4 | |
| 5918279506 | Rank- size Rule | A pattern of settlements in a country such that the nth largest settlement is the 1/n the population of the largest settlement | 5 | |
| 5918279507 | Service | Any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it | 6 | |
| 5918279509 | Threshold | The MINIMUM NUMBER OF PEOPLE needed to SUPPORT a SERVICE | 7 | |
| 5918279510 | Urbanization | An increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements | 8 | |
| 5918279517 | Blockbusting | rapid change in the racial composition of residential blocks in American cities that occurs when real estate agents and others stir up fears of neighborhood decline after encouraging Ethnic minorities (African-American) to move to previously white neighborhoods. In the resulting out migration, real estate agents profit through the turnover of properties. | 9 | |
| 5918279518 | Central Business District (CBD) | the downtown hear of a central city, marked by high land values, a concentration of business and commerce, and the clustering of the tallest buildings; the central nucleus of commercial land use in a city. | 10 | |
| 5918279520 | Centrality | the strength of an urban center in its capacity to attract producers and consumers to its facilities; a city's "reach" into the surrounding region; the functional dominance of cities within an urban system. | 11 | |
| 5918279521 | Central City | the urban area that is not suburban; generally, the older or original city that is surrounded by the suburbs. | 12 | |
| 5918279522 | Christaller, Walter | German geographer who in the early 1930s first formulated central-place theory as a series of models designed to explain the spatial distribution of urban centers. Crucial to his theory is the fact that different goods and services vary both in threshold and in range | 13 | |
| 5918279523 | City | a multifunctional nucleated settlement with a central business district and both residential and nonresidential land uses. | 14 | |
| 5918279525 | Colonial city | a city founded by colonialism or an indigenous city whose structure was deeply influenced by Western colonialism. | 15 | |
| 5918279527 | Commuter zone | the outer most zone of the Concentric zone model that represents people who choose to live in residential suburbia and take a daily commute into the CBD to work. | 16 | |
| 5918279528 | Concentric zone model | a model describing urban land uses as a series of circular belts or rings around a core central business district, each ring housing a distinct type of land use. | 17 | |
| 5918279529 | Counterurbanization | the net loss of population from cities to smaller towns and rural areas. | 18 | |
| 5918279534 | Edge city | distinct sizable nodal concentration of retail and office space of lower than central city densities and situated on the outer fringes of older metropolitan areas; usually localized by or near major highway intersections. | 19 | |
| 5918279537 | Ethnic neighborhood | neighborhood, typically situated in larger metropolitan city and constructed by or comprised of a local culture, in which a local culture can practice its customs. | 20 | |
| 5918279538 | Favela | the Brazilian equivalent of a shanty town, which are generally found on the edge of the city. They have electricity, but often not formally. They are constructed from a variety of materials, ranging from bricks to garbage. The most infamous ones are located in Rio de Janeiro. | 21 | |
| 5918279541 | Gateway city | a city that serves as a link between one country or region and others because of its physical situation. | 22 | |
| 5918279543 | Gentrification | the invasion of older, centrally located working-class neighborhoods by higher-income households seeking the character and convenience of less expensive and well-located residences; a process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominately low-income renter-occupied area to a predominately middle-class owner-occupied area. | 23 | |
| 5918279550 | Infrastructure | The underlying framework of services and amenities needed to facilitate productive activity (roads, bridges, electrical lines). | 24 | |
| 5918279553 | Megacities | a very large city characterized by both primacy and high centrality within its national economy. | 25 | |
| 5918279554 | Megalopolis | a large, sprawled urban complex with contained open, non-urban land, created through the spread and joining of separate metropolitan areas (ie. BOSNYWASH) | 26 | |
| 5918279555 | Metropolitan area | In the United States, a large functionally integrated settlement area comprising one or more whole county units and usually containing several urbanized areas: discontinuously built up, it operates as a coherent economic whole. | 27 | |
| 5918279556 | Multiple nuclei model | the postulate that large cities develop by peripheral spread not from one central business district but from several nodes of growth, each of specialized use. the separately expanding use districts eventually coalesce at their margins. | 28 | |
| 5918279561 | Postindustrial (city) | a stage of economic development in which service activities become relatively more important than goods production; professional and technical employment supersedes employment in agriculture and manufacturing; and level of living is defined by the quality of services and amenities rather than by the quantity of goods available. | 29 | |
| 5918279563 | Primate city | a city of large size and dominant power within a country; a country's largest city, ranking atop the urban hierarchy, most expressive of the national culture and usually (but not always) the capital city as well. | 30 | |
| 5918279565 | Rank-size rule | in a model urban hierarchy, the idea that the population of a city or town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy. | 31 | |
| 5918279566 | Redlining | a practice by banks and mortgage companies of demarcating areas considered to be a high risk for housing loans. | 32 | |
| 5918279568 | Sector model | a description of urban land uses as wedge-shaped sectors radiating outward form the CBD along transportation corridors; the radial access routes attract particular uses to certain sectors, with high-status residential uses occupying the most desirable wedges. | 33 | |
| 5918279572 | Shantytown | unplanned slum development on the margins of cities, dominated by crude dwellings and shelters made mostly of scrap wood, iron, and even pieces of cardboard. | 34 | |
| 5918279574 | Site | refers to the absolute location of a city - the physical features of the area. | 35 | |
| 5918279575 | Situation | refers to the characteristics due to the relative location of an area. | 36 | |
| 5918279577 | "Social Stratification" | refers to the idea that society is separated into different strata, according to social distinctions such as a race, class and gender. Social treatment of persons within various social structures can be understood as related to their placement within the various social strata. | 37 | |
| 5918279579 | Suburb | a subsidiary urban area surrounding and connected to the central city; many are exclusively residential; others have their own commercial centers or shopping malls. Most pronounced in the U.S. | 38 | |
| 5918279581 | Suburbanization | movement of upper and middle-class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape pollution as well as deteriorating social conditions. In North America, the process began in the early nineteenth century and became a mass phenomenon by the second half of the twentieth century. | 39 | |
| 5918279587 | Urban hierarchy | a ranking of settlements according to their size and economic function, e.g., hamlet - village - town - city - metropolis. | 40 | |
| 5918279588 | Urban morphology | the form and structure of cities, including street patterns and the size and shape of buildings. | 41 | |
| 5918279590 | Urban sprawl | unrestricted growth in many American urban areas of housing, commercial development, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning. | 42 | |
| 5918279591 | World city | one of the largest cities in the world, generally with a population of over 10 million. List all the cities in the world with a population of over 10 million. | 43 | |
| 5918279592 | Zone | area of a city with a relatively uniform land use, e.g., an industrial area or residential area. | 44 | |
| 5918279593 | Zone of transition | an area of mixed commercial and residential land uses surrounding the CBD. | 45 | |
| 5918279594 | Zoning laws | legal restrictions on land use that determine what types of buildings and economic activities are allowed to take place in certain areas. In the United States, areas are most commonly divided into separate zones of residential, retail, or industrial use. | 46 | |
| 6165234596 | Hamlet | On the urban hierarchy, it is a small collection of houses - may have basic services like a gas station or general store | 47 | |
| 6165235554 | High order goods | goods and services that are required less frequently and require a large market area to remain profitable | 48 | |
| 6165236483 | Low order goods | gods and services that are obtained on a regular basis and require a small market area to be profitable | 49 | |
| 6165241507 | Borchert | created a 5 stage model of epochs on the evolution of transportation. | 50 |
