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AP Human Geography Midterms Flashcards

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5833133354Scalethe relationship (or ratio) between distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground. For example, on a 1:100000 scale map, 1cm on the map equals 1km on the ground.0
5833142788Local Diversity v. GlobalizationLocal diversity allows unique culture and differentiation of people whereas globalization pulls people together through info. technology and communication1
5833166080Maps/Cartographya diagrammatic representation of an area of land or sea showing physical features, cities, roads, etc. Cartography is the science or practice of making maps2
5835581798Environmental Determinismhow the physical environment predisposes societies and states towards particular development trajectories3
5835583522Absolute LocationUses latitudes and longitudes to4
5835721500International date lineThe line in the pacific that determines when the next day is5
5835723680Prime Meridian0 degree meridian on Greenwich6
5835724709EquatorCentermost parallel on earth. Gets most direct sunlight all year.7
5835724710TropicsCancer and Capricorn.8
5835726433What is a place?Where unique things and culture and people are9
5835728611Map Scale/Map projectionThe earth projected by some proportion into 2 dimensions10
5836375601Climate/BiomesCommon weather and landscape patterns of a large mass of land11
5836376047Popluation Distributionthe arrangement or spread of people living in a given area; also, how the population of an area is arranged according to variables such as age, race, or sex12
5836376048LDCLess developed country. High birth rate and high death rate. Low living conditions.13
5836376049MDCMore developed country. Low to moderate birth rate to low death rate. Better medicine and technology14
5836376502Demographythe study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations.15
5836376503Cartograma map on which statistical information is shown in diagrammatic form.16
5836376944Ecumeneinhabited land17
5836377249Arithmetic DensityPeople per measure of land18
5836377250Agricultural Densitynumber of farmers per unit area of arable land19
5836381368Earth's Population ClustersEast Asia, South Asia, Europe and Eastern North America20
5836381783CBRCrude birth rate.21
5836381784CDRCrude death rate22
5836383051Natural Increase NIRCBR minus CDR plus immigration and emigration23
5836383052ZPGZero population growth24
5836383053Echo Boom (population pyramid)A small baby boom after the generation of a previous, more major baby boom25
5836385755Doubling Timethe period of time required for a quantity to double in size or value.26
5836387499Areas where there are population issues either overpopulation or negative growthEx. Russia has negative population growth at the moment27
5836388480TFRTotal fertility rate- the average number of children born28
5836388481IMRInfant mortality rate- the average number of infant deaths usually at birth29
5836388873Age-Sex RatioThe ratio of men to women as well as different ages30
5836389591Analyze the population pyramids(Rapid, Slow, Negative Growth) why?31
5836397182Demographic Transition ModelShows population trends of countries and their correlation with the country's development32
5836398215Malthus Theoryhuman populations grow exponentially (i.e., doubling with each cycle) while food production grows at an arithmetic rate33
5836398216Carrying CapacityCapacity at which a population can be supported34
5836400547Epidemiologic Transitiona phase of development witnessed by a sudden and stark increase in population growth rates brought about by medical innovation in disease or sickness therapy and treatment35
5836402332Chain Migrationthe social process by which immigrants from a particular town follow others from that town to a particular city or neighborhood36
5836404289Interregional migrationMigration within a country or general region37
5836405435International MigrationMigration across countries38
5836406984Rust BeltThe American Eastern Midwest39
5836407370Cotton BeltThe American "South"40
5836407371Hollow Core41
5836407652Sun BeltThe American Southwest42
5836408205Counterurbanizationa demographic and social process whereby people move from urban areas to rural areas43
5836409633In a LDC, what direction does migration move and why?Outward so people can live better lives44
5836410160EG RavensteinGerman English geographer photographer45
5836410561Short Term MigrationWhen a migrant moves to another country for at least three months but less than a year46
5836410852Emigration vs. ImmigrationEmigration is the act of leaving one's own country, whereas immigration is the articulate of migrants47
5836411150Push FactorsFactors that drive a person away from a place48
5836411151Pull FactorsFactors that attract people to a place49
5836411758Economic or Place UtilityA place's "usefulness" that makes it attractive50
5836411759RefugeeA person forced to leave their own country in order to escape conflict51
5836411987Asylum SeekerA person who has left their home a political refugee and is seeking asylum in another52
5836412594Intervening obstacle/ Intervening opportunityObstacles are factors that make it more difficult to migrate/ opportunities are factors that make a closer place seem more attractive than the previous choice53
5836413101Voluntary vs. Forced MigrationVoluntary migration is a choice whereas forced is when a person doesn't have a choice but to leave54
5836414158According to Ravenstein, who are most of the long distance migrants? Why has it changed?55
5836417318Wilbur Zelinsky migration transition concepts56
5836417907Undocumented WorkersWorkers without legal documentation to live and/or work in another country57
5836417908Cultural EcologyThe study of human adaptations to social and physical environments58
5836419514Core-Domain-Sphere modelThe area outside of the core of a culture region is still dominant but less intense59
5836419835Cultural Transition ZoneArea where two different cultures come together60
5836420652Folk Culture v. Popular CultureIsolated, traditional, unique, and less prevalent v. Placeless, dynamic, and common61
5836421312Different types of diffusionHierarchal- VIPs spread innovations and ideas Relocation- people bring ideas and innovations from other places Contagious- an idea or innovation spreads through people-people contact62
5836421629Western culture's impactCars, music, fashion, technology, language, military strength, government63
5836422578Values associated with American cultureConstitutional, fundamental human rights, diversity and expressionism64
5836422921Cultural hearthPlace where culture originates65
5836422922Cultural RealmThe general language, religion, economic development, and artistry of general region66
5836423419Cultural TraitA certain aspect of culture unique to a people or place67
5836423420Cultural Landscapea geographic area, including both cultural and natural resources and the wildlife or domestic animals therein, associated with a historic event, activity, or person or exhibiting other cultural or aesthetic values68
5836423826Functional and nodal regionFunctional- consist of a central place and the surrounding areas that are dependent upon that place, such as a metropolitan area. Nodal- an area organized around a node, or focal point, and is defined by interactions or connections69
5836423827SyncretismThe amalgamation of different cultures or schools of thought70
5836424681AcculturationThe adaptation of a more dominant culture to a less dominant one71
5836424682AssimilationThe almost indistinguishable merging of two different cultures into one or the complete domination of a more dominant one72
5836426459Universalizing v. Ethnic ReligionUniversalizing try to get people to join whereas ethnic keep to there own people or place73
5836427873Popular Religious ConceptsAfterlife, deity, nature is sacred, certain way of life74
5836427874DiasporaThe the scattering of the Jewish population from the Levant area75
5836429565Which languages have been globally diffused?English, German, French, Chinese,76
5836430462Latin based languagesSpanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian77
5836431183French-speaking North American cityMontreal, Quebec78
5836431829Half of world's citizens speak from what language family?Indo-European79
5836432404Components of a dialectGrammar, speech, and sound80
5836432639IsoglossA line in a dialect map marking the boundary between linguistic features81
5836433580Language that uses ideographic writing and why it is a problem to learnChinese. There is a different character(s) for every word82
5836434708Language no longer usedDead language83
5836435756Why would a country have an official language?To make it easier to organize legal documentation84
5836437090American English has adopted vocab from what other languages?French,85
5836438297Lingua francaA language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different86
5836438841Does U.S have official language?No87
5836440161Why is french the official language in places like Senegal?They were under French rule during the imperialist era88
5836440162Pidgin languageA grammatically simplified means of communication with elements from multiple languages89
5836440529CreoleA pidgin language with elements of French, Spanish, African, and Native-American roots90
5836440862Why is English used globallyWestern culture became highly influential after the Great War91
5836441979Why is Basque unusual?Its language is not of the Indo-European family yet it is in the middle of two European countries92
5836442903Cultural DiffusionThe spread of ideas and innovation93
5836443246How is culture spread?Through diffusion and immigration94
5836443247Ethnicitythe fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition95
5836443618EthnocentrismThe judgement of another ethnicity based on the traits and mindset of one's own96
5836443949Subsistence AgricultureFarming to only sustain one household97
5836444971Hispanic population focused where in U.S? African-Americans?Southwest. Midwest and South98
5836447407Ethnic enclavesA neighborhood with a high density of a certain ethnicity99
5836447934ApartheidSegregation of government by race or ethnicity. Ex. South Africa in the 20th century100
5836447940Ethnic ConflictConflict of interests or morals due to the difference in way of life or territorial claims by two different peoples101
5836448452Cultural hearthsOrigins of culture (ideas and innovation)102
5836449135Chain migration and ethnic enclave connectionAs certain people move to a neighborhood,it causes a chain of migration to a certain neighborhood, causing that neighborhood to become an ethnic enclave103

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