Terms : Hide Images
| 5916477837 | Cartography | the science of making maps | 0 | |
| 5916477838 | Aristotle | the person who first demonstrated that the Earth is round | 1 | |
| 5916477839 | Eratosthenes | the first person to use the term "geography" | 2 | |
| 5916477840 | Robinson Projection | Useful for displaying information across oceans, but the land areas are much smaller than on other maps. | 3 | |
| 5916477841 | Mercator Projection | Has very little shape distortion, the direction is consistent, and the map is rectangular, but the area towards the poles is distorted. | 4 | |
| 5916477842 | Township | A square six miles; divided into thirty-six sections | 5 | |
| 5916477843 | Sections | One mile by one mile | 6 | |
| 5916477844 | Remote Sensing | Data of the Earth's surface from a satellite | 7 | |
| 5916477845 | Toponym | The name given to a place on Earth | 8 | |
| 5916477846 | Site | The physical character of a place | 9 | |
| 5916477847 | Situation | The location of a place relative to other places | 10 | |
| 5916477848 | Prime Merdian | Zero degrees longitude cutting through Greenwich, England | 11 | |
| 5916477849 | International Date Line | 180 degrees longitude; 180 degrees away from the Prime Meridian | 12 | |
| 5916477850 | Formal Region | An area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics | 13 | |
| 5916477851 | Functional Region | An area organized around a node or focal point | 14 | |
| 5916477852 | Vernacular Region | A place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity | 15 | |
| 5916477853 | Cultural Ecology | The geographic study of human-environment relationships | 16 | |
| 5916477854 | Environmental Determinism | How the physical environment caused social development | 17 | |
| 5916477855 | Possibilism | The theory that people have the ability to adjust to their environment | 18 | |
| 5916477856 | Five Climates | Tropical, Dry, Warm Mid-Latitude, Cold Mid-Latitude, Polar | 19 | |
| 5916477857 | Four Major Biomes | Forest, Savanna, Grassland, Desert | 20 | |
| 5916477858 | Density | The frequency with which something occurs in a space | 21 | |
| 5916477859 | Arithmetic Density | The total number of objects in an area | 22 | |
| 5916477860 | Physiological Density | The number of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture | 23 | |
| 5916477861 | Agricultural Density | The number of farmers per unit of area of farmland | 24 | |
| 5916477862 | Concentration | The extent of a features spread over space | 25 | |
| 5916477863 | Distance-Decay | When contact diminishes with increasing distance and eventually disappears | 26 | |
| 5916477864 | Relocation Diffusion | The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another | 27 | |
| 5916477865 | Hierarchical Diffusion | The spread of an idea from persons of authority or power to other persons or places | 28 | |
| 5916477866 | Contagious Diffusion | The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout the population | 29 | |
| 5916477867 | Stimulus Diffusion | The spread of an underlying principle, even through a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse; diffusion in which one people receives a characteristic from another but gives it a new and unique form (Ex. American Pizza) | 30 | |
| 5916477868 | Ecumene | The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement | 31 | |
| 5916477869 | Demographic Transition | Stage 1- Low growth, NIR is 0% Stage 2- High growth, NIR is 5%, CBR stays constant, CDR drops drastically Stage 3- Moderate growth, CBR and CDR drop Stage 4- Low growth, CBR=CDR, NIR approaches 0% | 32 | |
| 5916477870 | Quota Act & National Origins Act | Established the maximum limits on the number of people who could immigrate to the U.S. from each individual country during a one-year period | 33 | |
| 5916477871 | Population Center | The average location of everyone in the country | 34 | |
| 5916477872 | Amish Culture Origin & Diffusion | Originated from Bern, Switzerland; Alsace, France; and Palatinate, Germany. Diffused to Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, and Iowa | 35 | |
| 5916477873 | Uniform Landscape | The spatial expression of a popular custom in one location being similar to another | 36 | |
| 5916477874 | English Language Creation | Formed by the Angles, Jutes, and Saxons | 37 | |
| 5916477875 | Isogl0ss | The boundary of a dialect | 38 | |
| 5916477876 | Creole Language | A stable language from the blend of two languages | 39 | |
| 5916477877 | Lingua Franca | Mixing two different languages to create a more simple and common language | 40 | |
| 5916477878 | Pidgin Language | Used for communications among speakers of two different languages | 41 | |
| 5916477879 | World's Christian Population | Roman Catholic-51% Protestant-24% Orthodox- 11%; Origin- 8-4 B.C.; Founder is Jesus | 42 | |
| 5916477880 | Islam's Two Major Branches | Sunni-83% Shiite-16%; Origin 8-4 B.C.; Founder is Adam | 43 | |
| 5916477881 | Buddhism | a path of practice and spiritual development leading to insight into the true nature of reality; Origin 563 B.C.; Founder is Siddhartha Gautama | 44 | |
| 5916477882 | Hinduism | the main religion of India which includes the worship of many gods and the belief that after you die you return to life in a different form; Origin 2500 B.C.- 1500 B.C.; No specific founder | 45 | |
| 5916477883 | Daoism | Emphasizes the mystical and magical aspects of life | 46 | |
| 5916477884 | Shintoism | Believes in forces of nature; ethnic religion of Japan | 47 | |
| 5916477885 | Judaism | Ethical and moral principles; first recorded religion to believe in only one god | 48 | |
| 5916477886 | Animism | Belief that inanimate objects have spirits | 49 | |
| 5916477887 | Sino-Tibetan Languages | A family of more than 400 languages spoken in East Asia, Southeast Asia and parts of South Asia | 50 | |
| 5916477888 | Indo-European Languages | A large, widespread family of languages, the surviving branches of which include Italic, Slavic, Baltic, Hellenic, Celtic, Germanic, and Indo-Iranian, spoken by about half the world's population | 51 | |
| 5916477889 | Amish | The members of a strict Mennonite sect that established major settlements in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and elsewhere in North America from 1720 onward | 52 | |
| 5916477890 | Pilgrimage | A journey for religious purposes considered sacred | 53 | |
| 5916477891 | Hierarchical Religion | A well defined geographic structure and organized territory | 54 | |
| 5916477892 | Polytheistic Religion | Belief in multiple gods | 55 | |
| 5916477893 | Monotheistic Religion | Belief in one god | 56 | |
| 5916477894 | Proselytize | convert or attempt to convert from one religion, belief, or opinion to another | 57 | |
| 5916477895 | Exclave | A territory belonging to a state but separated from that state by another state | 58 | |
| 5916477896 | Enclave | a territory surrounded by a larger territory whose inhabitants are culturally or ethnically distinct | 59 | |
| 5916477897 | Autonomous Religion | self-sufficient; interaction among communities is confined | 60 | |
| 5916477898 | Fundamentalism | A literal interpretation and strict intense adherence to basic principles of a religion | 61 | |
| 5916477899 | Denominations | Branches of a religion that differ on specific aspects of principles of religion | 62 | |
| 5916477900 | Percentage of Ethnic Groups in the U.S. | Hispanic or Latino/Latina- 15% African Americans-13% Asian Americans-4% American Indians & Alaska Natives-1% | 63 | |
| 5916477901 | Blockbusting | Real estate agents had white families sell their houses so that they could highly price them for desperate black families | 64 | |
| 5916477902 | Self-determination | The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves | 65 | |
| 5916477903 | Nation-state | A state whose territory corresponds with religion, ethnicity, and language | 66 | |
| 5916477904 | Centripetal Forces | An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state | 67 | |
| 5916477905 | Centrifugal Forces | Forces that pull apart a state | 68 | |
| 5916477906 | Nationalities of Yugoslavia | Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Serbs, Slovenes | 69 | |
| 5916477907 | Balkanization | The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities | 70 | |
| 5916477908 | Acculturation | Adopting the cultural traits of another group | 71 | |
| 5916477909 | Assimilation | The process by which a person or persons acquire the social and psychological characteristics of a group; usually takes about a lifespan | 72 | |
| 5916477910 | Sovereignty | Independence from control of its internal affairs by other states (six nationalities without sovereignty are the Kurds, Basque, Flemish, Zulu, Palestinians, and Hmong) | 73 | |
| 5916477911 | Commonwealth | A territory that has established a mutual agreement with another state for the benefits of both parties | 74 | |
| 5916477912 | City-state | An independent state that comprises a town and the surrounding countryside | 75 | |
| 5916477913 | Imperialism | Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society | 76 | |
| 5916477914 | Geometric Boundaries | Lines of latitude and longitude | 77 | |
| 5916477915 | Annexation | Adding territory to an already existing state | 78 | |
| 5916477916 | Definitional Boundary Dispute | Conflict over the language of the border agreement in a treaty or boundary contract | 79 | |
| 5916477917 | Operational Boundary Dispute | When two countries disagree on a major issue involving the border | 80 | |
| 5916477918 | Allocational Boundary Dispute | Conflict over the usage of the boundary | 81 | |
| 5916477919 | Exclusive Economic Zones | States that countries can explore for resources up to 200 miles off their shores | 82 | |
| 5916477920 | Antecedent Boundaries | Boundaries that existed before human settlement of an area | 83 | |
| 5916477921 | Subsequent Boundaries | Boundaries that developed along with the development of the cultural landscape (Ex. China) | 84 | |
| 5916477922 | Superimposed Boundaries | A political boundary that ignores the existing cultural landscape | 85 | |
| 5916477923 | Relic | An abandoned boundary not currently serving a political function | 86 | |
| 5916477924 | Elongated State | A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape | 87 | |
| 5916477925 | Compact State | A state that posses a roughly circular shape from which the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions | 88 | |
| 5916477926 | Fragmented State | A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory | 89 | |
| 5916477927 | Prorupted State | A state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main territory (both compact and elongated) | 90 | |
| 5916477928 | Perforated State | A state that completely surrounds another | 91 | |
| 5916477929 | Delimitation | Established boundary | 92 | |
| 5916477930 | Demarcation | The process of showing the physical representation of a boundary or landscape | 93 | |
| 5916477931 | Democratization | The transition of a dictatorship to a representative form of government | 94 | |
| 5916477932 | Shatterbelt Regions | Regions caught up in a conflict between two superpowers | 95 | |
| 5916477933 | Buffer State | A country that lies between two other countries in conflict but stays neutral | 96 | |
| 5916477934 | Heartland Theory | The theory by Sir Halford Mackinder that states that whoever owns Eastern Europe and Western Asia has the political power and capital to rule the world | 97 | |
| 5916477935 | Rimland Theory | The theory by Nichols Spyman that states that whoever owns the rimland (coastal area) will own the World Island | 98 | |
| 5916477936 | Devolution | The giving up of power by the federal government to the different regions of a country | 99 | |
| 5916477937 | Autonomous | Not controlled by others or by outside forces | 100 | |
| 5916477938 | Regionalism | The breaking up of an area into autonomous regions | 101 | |
| 5916477939 | Theocracy | A country where one particular religion is intertwined with the political structure | 102 | |
| 5916477940 | Supranationalism | Extending state borders though establishments of other organizations | 103 | |
| 5916477941 | Gerrymandering | The redrawing of political boundaries for political gain | 104 | |
| 5916477942 | Manifest Destiny | The belief that the U.S. government was meant to rule the land between that Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean | 105 | |
| 5916477943 | NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization; a military alliance among 16 democratic states | 106 | |
| 5916477944 | Barrios | Spanish-speaking urban neighborhoods in the U.S. | 107 | |
| 5916477945 | HDI | Human Development Index | 108 | |
| 5916477946 | Factors that Determine HDI | Economic factor (GDP), Social factor (literacy rate & amount of education), and Demographic factor (life expectancy) | 109 | |
| 5916477947 | GDP | Gross domestic product; the total value of all goods and services produced within a nation during a given period | 110 | |
| 5916477948 | Productivity | The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it | 111 | |
| 5916477949 | Value Added | The gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy | 112 | |
| 5916477950 | Gender Related Development Index | Compares per capita income, schooling, literacy, and life expectancy between the two genders | 113 | |
| 5916477951 | Rostow's Development Model | 1. Traditional Society 2. Preconditions for takeoff 3. Takeoff 4. Drive to maturity 5. Age of mass consumption | 114 | |
| 5916477952 | Fair Trade | Products are made and traded according to standards that protect workers and small businesses in LDCs | 115 | |
| 5916477953 | Transhumance | The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and low pastures | 116 | |
| 5916477954 | Rust Belt | Economic region in the north-east of the U.S. | 117 | |
| 5916477955 | Sun Belt | The southern stretch of the U.S. | 118 | |
| 5916477956 | Disapora | Common ethnic identity in a large geographic area | 119 | |
| 5916477957 | Four Asian Tigers | The high-growth economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. | 120 | |
| 5916477958 | Special Economic Zones (SEZs) | Zones set up to attract foreign investment | 121 | |
| 5916477959 | Fordist Production | Assigning every worker one specific task to do repeatedly | 122 | |
| 5916477960 | Subsistence Agriculture | The production of food mainly for the farmer's family | 123 | |
| 5916477961 | Immanuel Wallerstein's World Systems Theory | Three-level hierarchy: core, periphery, and semi-periphery | 124 | |
| 5916477962 | Maquiladora | Factories built by U.S. companies in Mexico near the U.S. border to take advantage of much lower labor costs | 125 | |
| 5916477963 | Industrial Revolution | A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods | 126 | |
| 5916477964 | Situation Factor | Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory | 127 | |
| 5916477965 | Bulk-reducing Industry | An industry in which inputs weigh more than the final product | 128 | |
| 5916477966 | Bulk-gaining Industry | An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs | 129 | |
| 5916477967 | Break-of-bulk point | A location where transfer among transportation modes is possible | 130 | |
| 5916477968 | Four Modes of Transportation for Businesses | Ship, rail, truck, or airplane | 131 | |
| 5916477969 | Site Factor | Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside the plant, such as land, labor, and capital | 132 | |
| 5916477970 | Three Production Cost Factors | Land, labor, and capital | 133 | |
| 5916477971 | Labor Intensive Industry | An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses | 134 | |
| 5916477972 | Territorial Disputes | Conflicts between states, regions, or countries over the ownership of a given area (Ex. Russia and Crimea) | 135 | |
| 5916477973 | Positional Disputes | Conflicts over the interpretation of documents defining a boundary or the way it is shown on the ground | 136 | |
| 5916477974 | Functional Disputes | Conflicts over national policies applied at a border (Ex. U.S. and Mexico) | 137 | |
| 5916477975 | Resource Disputes | Conflicts over the use of resources created or complicated by a political boundary | 138 | |
| 5916477976 | Outsourcing | The physical separation of some economic activities from the main production facility, usually for the purpose of employing cheaper labor | 139 | |
| 5916477977 | Agglomeration | A geographical process by which secondary and service industrial activities become clustered in cities and compact industrial regions in order to share infrastructure and markets | 140 | |
| 5916477978 | Fixed Costs | An activity cost that must be met without regard to level of output; an input cost that is spatially constant | 141 | |
| 5916477979 | Distance Decay | A function that represents the way that some entity or its influence decays with distance from its geographical location | 142 | |
| 5916477980 | Weber's Least Cost Theory | Model developed by Alfred Weber according to which the location of manufacturing establishments is determined by the minimization of three critical expenses: labor, transportation, and agglomeration | 143 | |
| 5916477981 | Entrepot | A port, city, or other center to which goods are brought for import and export, and for collection and distribution | 144 | |
| 5916477982 | Capitalism | An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state | 145 | |
| 5916477983 | Communism | A society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs | 146 | |
| 5916477984 | Diaspora | Jews living outside Israel | 147 | |
| 5916477985 | Primary Economic Activity | Economic activity concerned with the direct extraction of natural resources from the environment; such as mining, fishing, lumbering, and especially agriculture | 148 | |
| 5916477986 | Secondary Economic Activity | Economic activity involving the processing of raw materials and their transformation into finished industrial products; the manufacturing sector | 149 | |
| 5916477987 | Tertiary Economic Activity | Economic activity associated with the provision for services (transportation, banking, retailing, education, routine, office-based jobs) | 150 | |
| 5916477988 | Quaternary Economic Activity | Service sector industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital (finance, administration, insurance, legal services) | 151 | |
| 5916477989 | Quinary Economic Activity | Service sector industries that require a high level of specialized knowledge skill (scientific research, high-level management) | 152 | |
| 5916477990 | Concentric Zone Model | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings |  | 153 |
| 5916477991 | Multiple Nuclei Model | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities |  | 154 |
| 5916477992 | Hoyt Sector Model | The theory of urban structure that a city develops in a series of certain sectors, instead of rings |  | 155 |
| 5916477993 | Central Place Theory | The theory that explains the regional organization of urban areas, based on their functions and the goods and services they offer | 156 | |
| 5916477994 | Cultural Syncretism | The blending traits from two different cultures to form a new trait | 157 | |
| 5916477995 | Metropolitan Area | A region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing | 158 |
