10331960355 | Argumentation | the action or process of reasoning systematically in support of an idea, action, or theory. | 0 | |
10331960727 | Rhetoric | language designed to have a persuasive or impressive effect on its audience, but often regarded as lacking in sincerity or meaningful content. | 1 | |
10331961721 | Simile | a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid. | 2 | |
10331962084 | Metaphor | a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. | 3 | |
10331963717 | Alliteration | the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. | 4 | |
10331964291 | Parallelism | the use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose that correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning, etc. | 5 | |
10331964652 | Cacophony | the use of words with sharp, harsh, hissing, and unmelodious sounds - primarily those of consonants - to achieve desired results. | 6 | |
10331965884 | Oxymoron | a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction. | 7 | |
10331966516 | Litotes | figure of speech that employs an understatement by using double negatives or, in other words, a positive statement expressed by negating its opposite expressions. | 8 | |
10331966971 | Hyperbole | a figure of speech that involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis. | 9 | |
10331967659 | Synecdoche | a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa. | 10 | |
10331967988 | Euphemism | a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing. | 11 | |
10331968586 | Analogy | a comparison in which an idea or a thing is compared to another thing that is quite different from it; aims at explaining that idea or thing by comparing it to something that is familiar. | 12 | |
10331969007 | Irony | a figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words; may also be a situation that ends up in quite a different way than what is generally anticipated. | 13 | |
10331969310 | Anaphora | the repetition of a certain word or phrase at the beginning of successive lines of writing or speech; most commonly seen in poetry, essays, and formal speeches. | 14 | |
10331969682 | Anecdote | a very short story that is significant to the topic at hand; usually adding personal knowledge or experience to the topic. | 15 | |
10331970043 | Antithesis | a figure of speech in which an opposition or contrast of ideas is expressed by parallelism of words that are the opposites of, or strongly contrasted with, each other. | 16 | |
10331970503 | Apostrophe | an exclamatory passage in a speech or poem addressed to a person (typically one who is dead or absent) or thing (typically one that is personified). | 17 | |
10331971227 | Appeals | (in classical rhetoric) one of the three main persuasive strategies as defined by Aristotle in his Rhetoric: the appeal to logic (logos), the appeal to the emotions (pathos), and the appeal to the character (or perceived character) of the speaker (ethos). Also called a rhetorical appeal. | 18 | |
10331972197 | Ethos | the ethical appeal, means to convince an audience of the author's credibility or character. | 19 | |
10331972610 | Logos | a literary device that can be defined as a statement, sentence, or argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic. | 20 | |
10331974303 | Pathos | a quality of an experience in life, or a work of art, that stirs up emotions of pity, sympathy, and sorrow; a method of convincing people with an argument drawn out through an emotional response. | 21 | |
10331974533 | Audience | the person for whom a writer writes; the spectators, listeners, and intended readers of a writing, performance, or speech. | 22 | |
10331975355 | Exemplum | a rhetorical device that is defined as a short tale, narrative, or anecdote used in literary pieces and speeches to explain a doctrine, or emphasize a moral point, generally in the forms of legends, folktales, and fables. | 23 | |
10331977597 | Hypothesis | 24 | ||
10331977931 | Logical Fallacy | a concept within argumentation that commonly leads to an error in reasoning due to the deceptive nature of its presentation. | 25 | |
10331978496 | Logical Proof | proof that is derived explicitly from its premises without exception; establishes its conclusion beyond any possibility of doubt. | 26 | |
10331978862 | Metonymy | a figure of speech that consists of the use of the name of one object or concept for that of another to which it is related. | 27 | |
10331979447 | Non sequitur | a conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement. | 28 | |
10331980856 | Onomatopoeia | the process of creating a word that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests the sound that it describes. | 29 | |
10331981576 | Personification | the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form. | 30 | |
10332515473 | Parallel Structure | repetition of a chosen grammatical form within a sentence; using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. | 31 | |
10332555991 | Pragmatism | a philosophical movement that includes those who claim that an ideology or proposition is true if it works satisfactorily, that the meaning of a proposition is to be found in the practical consequences of accepting it, and that unpractical ideas are to be rejected. | 32 | |
10332557320 | Rebuttal | a literary technique in which a speaker or writer uses argument, and presents reasoning or evidence intended to undermine or weaken the claim of an opponent. | 33 | |
10332557812 | Semantics | the study and analysis of how language is used figuratively and literally to produce meaning. | 34 | |
10332558805 | Skepticism | an attitude of doubt or a disposition to incredulity either in general or toward a particular object; the doctrine that true knowledge or some particular knowledge is uncertain. | 35 | |
10332559666 | Tone | an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience; the effect that the writer creates on the readers through choice of writing style. | 36 | |
10332562690 | Rhetorical question | a question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer. | 37 |
AP Lang: The Language of AP Flashcards
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