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AP Language Analysis Terms Flashcards

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10616903844authorityA reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge.0
10616906718audiencethe listener, viewer, or reader of a text1
10616906719backingSupport or evidence for a claim in an argument2
10616908925assertiona confident and forceful statement of fact or belief3
10616908926means vs. endsMeans are motivational only because they produce something else, whereas ends are self-motivating goals desired for no reason other than that is what a person wants. The balance of means goals and end goals can be used to theorize on what we do and why4
10616911252deductive reasoningreasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)5
10616911253inductive reasoningA type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations.6
10616916131alliterationRepetition of initial consonant sounds7
10616920965dictionthe choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.8
10616920966denotationthe literal meaning of a word9
10616920978connotationan idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.10
10616923342colloquialCharacteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing; often referred to as slang11
10616923343formal dictionconsists of a dignified, impersonal, and elevated use of language12
10616923344informal dictionrepresents the plain language of everyday use, and often includes idiomatic expressions, slang, contractions, and many simple, common words13
10616925818concrete languageLanguage that refers to things that can be perceived through the senses.14
10616925819abstract languagedescribes ideas and qualities, rather than observable or specific things15
10616925821moodFeeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader16
10616928050imageryDescription that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)17
10616928051settingThe context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs.18
10616928052figurative languageLanguage that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.19
10616930236allusionA reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art20
10616930237simileA comparison of two unlike things using like or as21
10616930238metaphora figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.22
10616932203personificationA figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes23
10616932204hyperboleexaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.24
10616932205understatementthe presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.25
10616934191paradoxA statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.26
10616934192verbal ironyA figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant27
10616934193analogyA similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them.28
10616936413anecdotea short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person29
10616939731metonymythe substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant30
10616939732synechdochea figure of speech in which a part is used to represent a whole31
10616941307rhetorical modesdescribes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing32
10616941308exemplificationa pattern of writing or speaking which is characterized by using one or more particular cases, or examples, to illustrate or explain a general point or an abstract concept33
10616943641cause/effectnoting a relationship between actions or events such that one or more are the result of the other or others.34
10616943642descriptionthe picturing in words of something or someone through detailed observation of color, motion, sound, taste, smell, and touch; one of the four modes of discourse35
10616943643process analysisthe documentation and detailed understanding of how work is performed and how it can be redesigned36
10616945262narrationwriting that tells a story37
10616947424comparison/contrastA mode of discourse in which two or more things are compared and contrasted. Comparison often refers to similarities, contrast to differences.38
10616947425expositiona comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory.39
10616954033argumentationwriting that attempts to prove the validity of a point of view or an idea by presenting reasoned arguments; persuasive writing is a form of argumentation40
10616954034repetitionRepeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis41
10616956305point of viewthe vantage point from which a story is told42
10616958232first person"I" and "Me" standpoint. Personal perspective.43
10616958233second personThe narrator tells a listener what he/she has done or said, using the personal pronoun "you." This point of view is rare.44
10616958234third personPoint of view in which the narrator is outside of the story or essay - an observer45
10616959807subjectivebased on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions46
10616959808objectiveFactual, related to reality or physical objects; not influenced by emotions, unbiased47
10616959809syntaxThe arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.48
10616961579anaphorathe repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses49
10616961580antithesisthe direct opposite, a sharp contrast50
10616966161asyndetonthe omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence.51
10616973775polysyndetonthe use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural52
10616979483parallel sentencea sentence that shows similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words53
10616979484periodic sentencea complex sentence in which the main clause comes last and is preceded by the subordinate clause54
10616981094rhetorical questionA question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer55
10616981095inverted syntaxA sentence constructed so that the predicate comes before the subject (ex: In the woods I am walking.)56

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