Terms : Hide Images
| 9114170592 | Ad Hominem | Latin for "to the man" this fallacy refers to the specific diversionary tactic of switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker | 0 | |
| 9114195748 | Appeal to False Authority | This fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue | 1 | |
| 9114203805 | Ad Populum | This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to everybody else is, so why not? | 2 | |
| 9114211961 | Argument | A process of reasoned inquiry; a persuasive discourse resolving in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion | 3 | |
| 9114224667 | Backing | In the Toulmin Model, backing consists of further assurances or data without the assumption lacks authority | 4 | |
| 9114239055 | Begging the Question | A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt | 5 | |
| 9114256280 | Circular Reasoning | A fallacy in which the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence | 6 | |
| 9114263897 | Claim | Also called assertion or proposition, claim states arguments main idea, has to be arguable | 7 | |
| 9114270232 | Claim of Fact | A claim of fact asserts that something is true or not | 8 | |
| 9114275026 | Claim of Value | A claim of value argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong | 9 | |
| 9114281612 | Claim of Policy | A claim of policy proposes a change | 10 | |
| 9114290326 | Classical Oration | Five-Part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians | 11 | |
| 9114296676 | Introduction (exordium) | Introduces reader to subject in discussion | 12 | |
| 9114302851 | Narration (narratio) | Provides factual information and background material on topic | 13 | |
| 9114315371 | Confirmation (confirmatio) | Usually the major part of the text, the confirmation includes the proof needed to make the writer's case | 14 | |
| 9114331792 | Refutation (refutatio) | Addresses the counter-argument. It is a bridge between the writer's proof and conclusion | 15 | |
| 9114343535 | Conclusion (peroratio) | Brings the essay to a satisfying close | 16 | |
| 9114346556 | Closed Thesis | Statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to write | 17 | |
| 9114356460 | Deduction | A logical process whereby one reaches a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth | 18 | |
| 9114367372 | Either/Or (false dilemma) | A fallacy in which the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices | 19 | |
| 9114377315 | Fallacy | Potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument. They often arise from failure to make logical connection between the claim and the evidence used to support it | 20 | |
| 9114389011 | Faulty Analogy | A fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable | 21 | |
| 9114397811 | First-Hand Evidence | Evidence based on something the writer knows, whether it's personal experience, observations, or general knowledge | 22 | |
| 9114405745 | Hasty Generalization | A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence | 23 | |
| 9114414191 | Induction | "to lead into" a logical process whereby the writer reasons from particulars to universals, using specific cases in order to conclude | 24 | |
| 9114428228 | Open Thesis | A thesis that does not list all of the points the writer covers in an essay | 25 | |
| 9114439218 | Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc | "after which because of which" it is incorrect to always claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier | 26 | |
| 9114448511 | Qualifier | In Toulmin Model, uses words like; usually, maybe, in most cases, and most likely. To temper the claim making it less absolute | 27 | |
| 9114461796 | Quantitative Evidence | Includes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represented in numbers | 28 | |
| 9114471277 | Rebuttal | Gives a voice to possible objections | 29 | |
| 9114473706 | Reservation | Explains the terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier | 30 | |
| 9114482873 | Rogerian Argument | Based on the assumption that having full understanding of an opposing position is essential in refute | 31 | |
| 9114491054 | Second-Hand Evidence | Evidence that is accessed through research. Provides factual and historical information, expert opinion, and quantitation data | 32 | |
| 9114504824 | Straw Man | A fallacy that occurs when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea | 33 | |
| 9114515853 | Syllogism | A logical structure that uses the major premise to reach a necessary conclusion | 34 | |
| 9114521592 | Toulmin model | An approach to analyzing and constructing arguments, created by Stephen Toulmin in his book "The uses of argument" | 35 | |
| 9114535644 | Warrant (assumption) | In the Toulmin Model, the warrant expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience | 36 |
