7310225136 | Allegory | The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. | 0 | |
7310234141 | Alliteration | The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words. | 1 | |
7310435877 | Allusion | A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art | 2 | |
7310448155 | Ambiguity | The multiple meanings, either international or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. | 3 | |
7310453991 | Anadiplosis | The repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause. | 4 | |
7310462944 | Analogy | A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. | 5 | |
7310468439 | Anaphora | One of the devices of repetition, in which the same expression is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences. | 6 | |
7310476359 | Anecdote | A short narrative detailing particulars of an interesting episode or event. | 7 | |
7310481851 | Antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. | 8 | |
7310537956 | Aphorism | A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. | 9 | |
7310541558 | Apostrophe | A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. | 10 | |
7310548255 | Atmosphere | The emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described. | 11 | |
7310567496 | Clause | A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. | 12 | |
7310572156 | Colloquial/colloquialism | The use of slang or in formalities in speech or writing. | 13 | |
7310577600 | Coherence | A principle demanding that the parts of any composition be arranged so that the meaning of the whole may be immediately clear and intelligible. | 14 | |
7310584172 | Conceit | A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects. | 15 | |
7310624307 | Connotation | The nonliteral, associative meaning of a word;the implied, suggested meaning | 16 | |
7310628900 | Denotation | The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color. | 17 | |
7310658949 | Diction | Related to style, diction, refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness. | 18 | |
7310667227 | Didactic | From the Greek, didactic literally means "teaching". | 19 | |
7310669812 | Epistrophe | The opposite of anaphors, repetition at the end of successive clauses. | 20 | |
7310680338 | Euphemism | From the Greek for "good speech," euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. | 21 | |
7310693090 | Exposition | In essays, one of the chief types of compositions, the other being argumentation, description and narration. | 22 | |
7310699675 | Extended Metaphor | A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work. | 23 | |
7310703231 | Figurative Language | Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid. | 24 | |
7310949619 | Generic Conventions | The term describes traditions for each genre. | 25 | |
7310952137 | Genre | The major category into which a literary work fits. | 26 | |
7310954904 | Homily | This terms literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. | 27 | |
7310971260 | Hyperbole | A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. | 28 | |
7310973944 | Imagery | The sensor details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. | 29 | |
7310984288 | Inference/infer | To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. | 30 | |
7310987732 | Invective | An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language. | 31 | |
7311002040 | Irony/Ironic | The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant. | 32 | |
7311006476 | Loose Sentence | A type of sentence in which the main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. | 33 | |
7311759026 | Metaphor | A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity. | 34 | |
7311768269 | Metonymy | A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name," metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substitued for that of another closely associated with it. | 35 | |
7311788928 | Mood | This term has two distinct technical meanings in English writing. | 36 | |
7311796771 | Narrative | The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events. | 37 | |
7311801488 | Onomatopoeia | A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. | 38 | |
7311810868 | Oxymoron | From the Greek for the "pointedly foolish," an oxymoron is a figure of speech where in the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. | 39 | |
7319476479 | Paradox | A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity. | 40 | |
7319486816 | Parallelism | Also referred to as parallel construction or parallel structure, this term comes from Greek roots meaning "beside one another." | 41 | |
7319496951 | Parody | A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. | 42 | |
7319507830 | Pedantic | AN adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish. | 43 | |
7319513115 | Periodic Sentence | A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. | 44 | |
7319518554 | Personification | A figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions. | 45 | |
7319532943 | Point of View | In literature, the perspective from which a story is told. | 46 | |
7319537312 | Predicate Adjective | One type of subject complement--an adjective, group of adjectives, or adjective clause that follows a linking verb. | 47 | |
7319563008 | Predicate Nominative | A second type of subject complement--a noun, group of nouns, or noun clause that renames the subject. | 48 | |
7319574452 | Prose | One of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms. | 49 | |
7319581772 | Repetition | The duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern. | 50 | |
7319593864 | Rhetor | The speaker who uses elements of rhetoric effectively in oral or written test. | 51 | |
7319605014 | Rhetoric | From the Greek for "orator" this term describes the principle governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively. | 52 | |
7319618293 | Rhetorical Modes | This flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing. | 53 | |
7319650574 | Sarcasm | From the Greek meaning "to tear flesh," sarcasm involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule. | 54 | |
7319658713 | Satire ` | A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule. | 55 | |
7319667159 | Semantics | The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relations to one another. | 56 | |
7319695861 | Style | The consideration of style has two purposes: (1) and evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices. (2) Classification of authors to a group and comparison of an author to similar authors. | 57 | |
7319714452 | Subject complement | The word(with any accompany phrases) or clauses that follows a linking verb and complements, or complements, the subject of the sentence by either (1) renaming it or (2) describing it. | 58 | |
7319752089 | Subordinate Clause | Like all clauses, this word group contains both a subject and a verb (plus any accompanying phrases or modifiers), but unlike the independent clause, the subordinate clause cannot stand alone; it does not express a complete thought. | 59 | |
7319774234 | Syllogism | From the Greek for "reckoning together," a syllogism (or syllogistic reasoning or syllogistic logic) is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises (the first one called "major" and the second "minor") that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion. | 60 | |
7319800234 | Symbol/symbolism | Generally, anything that represents itself and stands for something else. | 61 | |
7319809462 | Syntax | The way an author chooses to join into phrases, clauses, and sentences. | 62 | |
7319813210 | Theme | The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. | 63 | |
7319817346 | Thesis | In expository writing, the thesis statement is the sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position. | 64 | |
7319828572 | Tone | Similar to mood, tone describes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both. | 65 | |
7319836686 | Transition | A word or phrase that links different ideas. | 66 | |
7319840442 | Trope | An artful variation from expected modes of expression of thoughts and ideas, a figure of speech involving a "turn" or change of sense- a use of the word in a sense other than its proper or literal one. | 67 | |
7319855124 | Understatement | The ironic minimizing of fact, understatement presents something as less significant than it is. | 68 | |
7319862494 | Undertone | An attitude that may lie under the ostensible tone of the piece. | 69 | |
7319869310 | Unreliable Narrator | An untrustworthy or naive commentator on events and characters in a story. | 70 | |
7319876676 | Wit | In modern usage, intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights. | 71 | |
7319883374 | Zeugma | A trope, one word(usually a noun or main verb) governs two other words not related in meaning. | 72 |
AP Language and Composition Flashcards
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