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AP Language and Composition Flashcards

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7310225136AllegoryThe device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning.0
7310234141AlliterationThe repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words.1
7310435877AllusionA direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art2
7310448155AmbiguityThe multiple meanings, either international or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.3
7310453991AnadiplosisThe repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause.4
7310462944AnalogyA similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them.5
7310468439AnaphoraOne of the devices of repetition, in which the same expression is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences.6
7310476359AnecdoteA short narrative detailing particulars of an interesting episode or event.7
7310481851AntecedentThe word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.8
7310537956AphorismA terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle.9
7310541558ApostropheA figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.10
7310548255AtmosphereThe emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described.11
7310567496ClauseA grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.12
7310572156Colloquial/colloquialismThe use of slang or in formalities in speech or writing.13
7310577600CoherenceA principle demanding that the parts of any composition be arranged so that the meaning of the whole may be immediately clear and intelligible.14
7310584172ConceitA fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects.15
7310624307ConnotationThe nonliteral, associative meaning of a word;the implied, suggested meaning16
7310628900DenotationThe strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color.17
7310658949DictionRelated to style, diction, refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness.18
7310667227DidacticFrom the Greek, didactic literally means "teaching".19
7310669812EpistropheThe opposite of anaphors, repetition at the end of successive clauses.20
7310680338EuphemismFrom the Greek for "good speech," euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept.21
7310693090ExpositionIn essays, one of the chief types of compositions, the other being argumentation, description and narration.22
7310699675Extended MetaphorA metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work.23
7310703231Figurative LanguageWriting or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid.24
7310949619Generic ConventionsThe term describes traditions for each genre.25
7310952137GenreThe major category into which a literary work fits.26
7310954904HomilyThis terms literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.27
7310971260HyperboleA figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement.28
7310973944ImageryThe sensor details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions.29
7310984288Inference/inferTo draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented.30
7310987732InvectiveAn emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.31
7311002040Irony/IronicThe contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant.32
7311006476Loose SentenceA type of sentence in which the main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses.33
7311759026MetaphorA figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity.34
7311768269MetonymyA term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name," metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substitued for that of another closely associated with it.35
7311788928MoodThis term has two distinct technical meanings in English writing.36
7311796771NarrativeThe telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.37
7311801488OnomatopoeiaA figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words.38
7311810868OxymoronFrom the Greek for the "pointedly foolish," an oxymoron is a figure of speech where in the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox.39
7319476479ParadoxA statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.40
7319486816ParallelismAlso referred to as parallel construction or parallel structure, this term comes from Greek roots meaning "beside one another."41
7319496951ParodyA work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.42
7319507830PedanticAN adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish.43
7319513115Periodic SentenceA sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end.44
7319518554PersonificationA figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.45
7319532943Point of ViewIn literature, the perspective from which a story is told.46
7319537312Predicate AdjectiveOne type of subject complement--an adjective, group of adjectives, or adjective clause that follows a linking verb.47
7319563008Predicate NominativeA second type of subject complement--a noun, group of nouns, or noun clause that renames the subject.48
7319574452ProseOne of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms.49
7319581772RepetitionThe duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern.50
7319593864RhetorThe speaker who uses elements of rhetoric effectively in oral or written test.51
7319605014RhetoricFrom the Greek for "orator" this term describes the principle governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.52
7319618293Rhetorical ModesThis flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing.53
7319650574SarcasmFrom the Greek meaning "to tear flesh," sarcasm involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule.54
7319658713Satire `A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule.55
7319667159SemanticsThe branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relations to one another.56
7319695861StyleThe consideration of style has two purposes: (1) and evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices. (2) Classification of authors to a group and comparison of an author to similar authors.57
7319714452Subject complementThe word(with any accompany phrases) or clauses that follows a linking verb and complements, or complements, the subject of the sentence by either (1) renaming it or (2) describing it.58
7319752089Subordinate ClauseLike all clauses, this word group contains both a subject and a verb (plus any accompanying phrases or modifiers), but unlike the independent clause, the subordinate clause cannot stand alone; it does not express a complete thought.59
7319774234SyllogismFrom the Greek for "reckoning together," a syllogism (or syllogistic reasoning or syllogistic logic) is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises (the first one called "major" and the second "minor") that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.60
7319800234Symbol/symbolismGenerally, anything that represents itself and stands for something else.61
7319809462SyntaxThe way an author chooses to join into phrases, clauses, and sentences.62
7319813210ThemeThe central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life.63
7319817346ThesisIn expository writing, the thesis statement is the sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position.64
7319828572ToneSimilar to mood, tone describes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both.65
7319836686TransitionA word or phrase that links different ideas.66
7319840442TropeAn artful variation from expected modes of expression of thoughts and ideas, a figure of speech involving a "turn" or change of sense- a use of the word in a sense other than its proper or literal one.67
7319855124UnderstatementThe ironic minimizing of fact, understatement presents something as less significant than it is.68
7319862494UndertoneAn attitude that may lie under the ostensible tone of the piece.69
7319869310Unreliable NarratorAn untrustworthy or naive commentator on events and characters in a story.70
7319876676WitIn modern usage, intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights.71
7319883374ZeugmaA trope, one word(usually a noun or main verb) governs two other words not related in meaning.72

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