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AP Language and Composition Terms Flashcards

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14847258220AllusionA brief reference to a person, event, or place or work of art0
14847258221AmbiguityDouble of even multiple meanings. Unintentional is considered a defect, and intentional can add richness to the text. In the form of a pun or lay on words, can be a source of humor1
14847258222AnalogyA comparison of similar things, often for the purpose of using something familiar to explain something unfamiliar2
14847258223Anecdotea brief story used to illustrate a point or claim3
14847258224AntecedentSomething that comes before. In the context of grammar, the ( ) of a pronoun is the word that the pronoun stands for4
14847258225AntithesisOpposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction5
14847258226BiasThe tendency to have an opinion or view that is often held without considering evidence and other information. The degree to which a source does or does not consider other positions reflects the degree to which that source is biased6
14847258227colloquial/colloquialismA word or phrase in everyday use in conversation an informal writing, but sometimes inappropriate in a formal essay7
14847258228ConcessionAn acknowledgment that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable8
14847258229Confirmation biasThe tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's beliefs or hypotheses while giving disproportionately less attention to information that contradicts it9
14847258230ConnotationMeanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition, or denotation. Connotations are often positive or negative, and they often greatly affect the author's tone10
14847258231ContextThe circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text. Includes time, place, and occasion11
14847258232Counter argumentAn opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward. A strong writer will usually address it through a process of concession and refutation12
14847258233DialectThe version of a language spoken by the people of a particular region or social group. Differing in vocabulary and grammar as well as pronunciation. Develops when groups of people are separated by natural or social barriers13
14847258234DigressTo temporarily depart from the main subject in a speech or in a written text14
14847258235EpiphanyA moment of revelation or profound insight. In Greek mythology, this was a sudden revelation to a human being of the hidden or disguised divinity of a god or goddess.15
14847258236EpithetAn adjective or adjective phrase applied to a person or thing to emphasize a characteristic quality or attribute, such as "lily-livered coward" or "murmuring brook"16
14847258237EulogyA formal composition or speech in high praise of someone ( living or dead ) or something17
14847258238EuphemismA mild expression substitute for one considered too harsh or improper18
14847258239ExigenceThe part of the rhetorical situation that inspires, simulated, provokes, or prompts the writers to create the text19
14847258240Figurative LanguageNo literal language, sometimes referred to as tropes or metaphorical language, often evoking strong imagery; figures of speech20
14847258241HyperboleDeliberate exaggeration used for emphasis to produce a comics or ironic effect21
14847258242ImageryA description of how something looks, feels, tastes, smells, or sounds. May use literal or figurative language to appeal to the senses22
14847258243IncongruityThe quality of being in harmonious or incompatible or inconsistent23
14847258244IronyA figure of speech that occurs when a speaker or character says one thing and means something else(verbal), when what is said is the opposite of what is expected reacting a noticeable incongruity(situational), Incongruity with what you expect and what happens24
14847258245Verbal ironyContrast between what is said and what is meant25
14847258246Situational ironyRefers to the contrast between what is intended or expected and what actually occurs26
14847258247Dramatic ironyWhen a character unwittingly makes a remark that the audience is intended to understand, or in contradiction to the full truth27
14847258248MetaphorA figure of speech that compares two things without using like or as. An extended ( ) is sustained throughout the work and functions as a controlling image28
14847258249OccasionThe time and place a speech is given or a piece is written29
14847258250OxymoronA paradox made up of two seemingly contradictory words30
14847258251ParadoxA statement or situation that is seemingly contradictory on the surface, but delivers an ironic truth Ex: modern day conveniences- microwave, computer, etc are supposed to be more efficient and save time, but they have become more problematic and wasting time more31
14847258252ParallelismSimilarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses32
14847258253Periodic structureA sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end33
14847258254PersonaGreek for "mask". The face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience34
14847258255RefuteTo deny the validity of an opposing argument35
14847258256Rhetoricthe art of finding ways of persuading an audience36
14847258257Rhetorical situationRefers to the exigence, purpose, audience, context, and message37
14847258258SatireThe use of irony or sarcasm to criticize society or an individual38
14847258259SyntaxThe arrangement of words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. This includes word order, the length and structure of sentences, and such schemes as parallelism, juxtaposition, antithesis, and antimetabole39
14847258260ToneA speaker's attitude toward the subject conveyed by the speaker's stylistic and rhetorical choices40
14847258261UnderstatementA figure of speech in which something is presented as less important, dire, urgent, good, and so on, than it actually is, often for satiric or comical effect41
14847258262ParodyA composition that ridicules another composition by imitating and exaggerating aspects of its content., structure, and style, accomplishing in words what caricature achieves in drawing42

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