Terms : Hide Images
| 8542943448 | argument | A process of reasoned inquiry. A persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement to a conclusion. | 0 | |
| 8542943449 | deduction | Deduction is a logical process wherein you reach a conclusion by starting with a general principal or universal truth (a major premise) and applying it to a specific case (a minor premise). | 1 | |
| 8542943450 | induction | Induction is a logical process wherein you reason from particulars to universals, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion, which is also called a generalization. | 2 | |
| 8542943451 | claim | Also called and assertion or proposition, a claim states the argument's main idea or position. A claim differs from a subject or topic in that a claim has to be arguable. | 3 | |
| 8542943452 | first-hand evidence | Evidence base on something the writer knows, whether it is first hand experience, observations, or general knowledge of events | 4 | |
| 8542943453 | second-hand evidence | Evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation. It includes factual and historical information, expert opinion, and quantitative data | 5 | |
| 8542943454 | assertion | A statement that presents a claim or thesis | 6 | |
| 8542943455 | classical oration | Five-part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians. | 7 | |
| 8542943456 | concession | An acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. In a strong argument, a concession is usually accompanied by a refutation challenging the validity of the opposing argument. | 8 | |
| 8542943457 | conclusion (peroration) | Brings the essay to a satisfying close; it is the final part of the argument. It follows the refutation and typically appeals to pathos as it moves the audience toward the conclusion. | 9 | |
| 8542943458 | claim of fact | A claim of fact asserts that something is true or not true. | 10 | |
| 8542943459 | claim of value | A claim of value argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong. | 11 | |
| 8542943460 | claim of policy | A claim of policy proposes a change. | 12 | |
| 8542943461 | narration (narratio) | Provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject is a problem that needs addressing. | 13 | |
| 8542943462 | confirmation (confirmatio) | Usually a major part of the text, the confirmation includes the proof needed to make the writer's case. Comes between the narration and the refutation; it provides the development of proof through evidence that supports the claims made by the speaker. | 14 | |
| 8542943463 | refutation (refutatio) | It addresses the counterargument (concession). A denial of the validity of an opposing argument. In order to sound reasonable, a refutation often follows a concession that acknowledges that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. It follows the confirmation and precedes the conclusion. | 15 | |
| 8542943464 | introduction (exordium) | Introduces the reader to the argument, in which the speaker announces the subject and purpose, and appeals to ethos in order to establish credibility. | 16 | |
| 8542943465 | counterargument | An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward. Rather than ignoring a counterargument, a strong writer will usually address it through the process of concession and refutation. | 17 |
