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AP Language - Argumentation Flashcards

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6463800746ClaimA point that you are trying to argue (could be for or against something)0
6463801446EvidenceAny examples (statistics, books, experiences) that you draw on to support an argument that you are making1
6463802888WarrantThe explanation that shows how the evidence supports the claim—often referred to as analysis2
6463803970LogicThe support and connection of ideas in a well-sequenced and methodical way3
6463804887Deductive ReasoningA form of reasoning in which a specific conclusion is drawn from more general premises4
6463807793SyllogismA form of deductive reasoning in which one draws a conclusion from a major premise and a minor premise5
6463810046Conclusion (of reasoning)The idea one arrives at through reasoning and that becomes the claim of an argument (also known as top-down reasoning)6
6463813385HypothesisA supposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence and that requires further investigation7
6463814462Logical FallacyA pattern of reasoning that might appear to be sound and valid but is actually flawed8
6463815969InferenceA conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning9
6463817043GeneralizationA statement asserting something to be true of all members of a certain group10
6463818308Ad HominemA personal attack on the person making the argument rather than the argument itself11
6463819621Begging the Question/Circular ReasoningAn argument that assumes what it is trying to prove is true12
6463819978EthosUsing one's own moral character or expertise to strengthen the validity of an argument13
6463820907RefutationUnpacking an argument and explaining its flaws in an attempt to discredit it14
6463821672Inductive ReasoningA process of reasoning that is used to explain what is likely to happen in a given situation15
6463825224Counter-ArgumentAn argument put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument.16
6463831695ValidityA quality of an argument in which conclusion logically follows from the given premises17
6463832957Red HerringA logical fallacy in which an argument is redirected to another topic18
6463834509PathosAppealing to an audience's emotions to make an argument19
6463834949Misleading StatisticsStatistics that do not reveal the entire picture of their context20
6463835883PersuasionThe use of ethos, pathos, and Kairos in addition to logos to make an argument21
6463836348LogosAppealing to an audience's ability to reason to make an argument22
6463837929A Call to ActionInviting the audience to do something based on the argument that you have made23
6463838930Straw ManA logical fallacy in which one misrepresents an argument in an attempt to show that it is weak/invalid24
6463839560Non SequiturOff-topic25
6463840101KairosEffectively using timing in making an argument26
6463840833False DilemmaA logical fallacy in which only a limited number of alternatives is presented as being viable27
6463841448False equivalencyMaking an improper comparison between two things28

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