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AP Language Arts Flashcards

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4758699163Aristotelian or Rhetorical TriangleA diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text.0
4758699164AudienceThe listener, viewer, or reader of a text. Multiple1
4758699165ConcessionAcknowledgement that opposing argument may be true or reasonable.2
4758699166ConnotationMeanings readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition, or denotation. Positive or negative usually, greatly affect authors tone3
4758699167ContextCircumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, events surrounding a text4
4758699168CounterargumentOpposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward. Address through concession and refutation5
4758699169EthosGreek for "character". Credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic. Who you are and what you say.6
4758699170Logos"Embodied thought". Offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up.7
4758699171OccasionThe time and place s speech is given or a piece is written8
4758699172Pathos"Suffering" or "experience". Appeal to pathos to emotionally motivate their audience. Play on audience's values, desires, hopes, prejudice, fears9
4758699173PersonaGreek for "mask". Face or character that a speaker shows his or her audience.10
4758699174PolemicGreek for "hostile". Aggressive argument that tried to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others. Generally do not concede that opposing opinions have any merit.11
4758699175PropagandaSpread of ideas and information to further a cause. Negatively, use of rumors, lies, disinformation, and scare tactics in order to damage or promote a cause.12
4758699176PurposeThe goal the speaker wants to achieve.13
4758699177RefutationDenial of validity of an opposing argument. In order to sound reasonable, refutations often follow a concession that acknowledges that an opposing argument may be reasonable or true.14
4758699178Rhetoric"the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion." In other words, art of finding ways to persuade an audience.15
4758699179Rhetorical appealsRhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling.16
4758699180SOAPSSubject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Speaker.17
4758699181SpeakerPerson or group who creates a text. Might be politician, commentator artist, or even a company.18
4758699182SubjectThe topic/ what it is about.19
4758699183TextAny cultural product that can be "read"- meaning not just consumed and comprehended, but investigated. This includes fiction, nonfiction, poetry, political cartoons, fine art.20
4758699184AlliterationRepetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in sequence.21
4758699185AllusionBrief reference to a person, place, event, or place or to a work of art.22
4758699186AnaphoraRepetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines.23
4758699187AntimetaboleRepetition of words in reverse order.24
4758699188AntithesisOpposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction.25
4758699189Archaic dictionOld-fashioned or outdated choice of words.26
4758699190AsyndetonOmission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.27
4758699191Cumulative sentenceSentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds up and adds on.28
4758699192Hortative sentenceSentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action.29
4758699193Imperative sentenceSentence used to command or enjoin.30
4758699194InversionInverted order of words in a sentence.31
4758699195JuxtapositionPlacement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences.32
4758699196MetaphorFigure of speech that compares two things without using "like" or "as" .33
4758699197OxymoronParadoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one another.34
4758699198ParallelismSimilarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.35
4758699199Periodic sentenceSentence whose main clause is withheld until the end.36
4758699200PersonificationAttribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea.37
4758699201Rhetorical sentenceFigure of speech in the form of a question posed for rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer.38
4758699202SynecdocheFigure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole.39
4758699203ZeugmaUse of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings.40

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