Terms : Hide Images
| 5458803030 | Expository | Explains or informs Ex: Textbook, news articles, research papers | 0 | |
| 5458808849 | Descriptive | Writing that tries to describe the idea in order to help the reader visualize it Ex: Journal entry, poem | 1 | |
| 5458816529 | Narrative | Writing that tells a story by recounting events Ex: Autobiography, Frederick Douglas | 2 | |
| 5458820504 | Persuasive | Writing that tries to influence a readers thinking Ex: Advertising, letters of recommendation | 3 | |
| 5458864093 | Classification | Writing that places a subject - person, place, event - into categories | 4 | |
| 5458872036 | Exemplification | Giving an example | 5 | |
| 5458874646 | Comparison/ Contrast | How a subject is alike or different Ex: Buying a car vs. public transportation | 6 | |
| 5458881852 | Cause and Effect | Starts with a subject and then shows effects of it or causes of it | 7 | |
| 5458885438 | Induction | Method of reasoning that moves from specific instances to a general conclusion Ex: Aristotle, doesn't necessarily prove something | 8 | |
| 5458892703 | Deduction | Method of reasoning that moves from the general to the specific Ex: What is wealth, Bessy the cow | 9 | |
| 5458898033 | Generality | Imprecise or vague statement or idea | 10 | |
| 5458901203 | Analogy | Using a simpler idea or system to explain a more complex idea or system Ex: Gun control debates | 11 | |
| 5458906622 | Sign | The notion that certain types of evidence are symptomatic of some wider principle | 12 | |
| 5458911998 | Casual | An occurrence or event is the result of, or is affected by, Factor X | 13 | |
| 5458927603 | Authority | Using various individuals of prominence to support an idea | 14 | |
| 5458932270 | Principle | An abstract belief among people Ex: Refraining from killing others | 15 | |
| 5458938991 | Syllogism | In logic, a form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise; a minor premise, and a conclusion | 16 | |
| 5458951038 | Major premise | All mammals are warm blooded | 17 | |
| 5458955347 | Contextual | Background information that establishes the parameters of the argument Ex: Court cases | 18 | |
| 5458960367 | Correlative | Shows a relationship between ideas, events, and occurences | 19 | |
| 5458966606 | Motif | Repeated element in a work of art Ex: Oedipus, Fahrenheit 451 | 20 | |
| 5458972449 | Archetype | Symbol that transcends time and culture Ex: Tree, books/ movies | 21 | |
| 5458977242 | Satire | Sarcasm, irony, wit used to ridicule or mock Two types: 1. Horatian: Tolerant, witty, wise and gracious Ex: Gullivers Travel 2. Juvenalian: Angry, caustic, resentful, personal Ex: A modest proposal Continued... Parody: Imitative use of the words, style, attitude, tone, and ideas of an author, genre or style in such way as to make them ridiculous Understatement: Rhetorical form in which the force of a descriptive statement is less than what one would expect Witt: Intelligent humour Low Brow: Sexual jokes, bathroom humour Direct Satire: (First Person) Talks directly to the audience Indirect Satire: (Menippean) Most common form. Satiric effect is produced by modes of presentation and representation | 22 | |
| 5458998876 | Chiasmus | Special form of parallelism that flips the original form around Ex: You have seen how a man was made a slave; you shall see how a slave was made a man (Syntactical structure) | 23 | |
| 5459036938 | Apostraphe | When the author comes out of the form they're writing in Ex: "Is there any God?" | 24 | |
| 5459049927 | Caricature | To make or give a comically or grotesquely exaggerated representation of someone or something Ex: Taco town | 25 | |
| 5459097085 | Euphamism | Taking an unpleasant idea and making it sound better | 26 | |
| 5469118522 | Anadiplosis | Takes the last word of a sentence or phrase and repeats it as the first word of the next sentence or phrase Ex: Fear leads to anger, anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering | 27 | |
| 5469132420 | Asyndeton | Leaves out conjunctions in non standard ways | 28 | |
| 5469134065 | Polysyndeton | Adding coordinators after every member in a list | 29 | |
| 5469145742 | Antithesis | Contrast or opposition of two different things Opposite Ex: War is not fought to achieve joy, but rather to avoid pain | 30 | |
| 5469151614 | Anaphora | The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of a series of sentences or clause adding emphasis. Ex: Repeat the phrase for style. Repeat the phrase for emphasis. Repeat the phrase for clarity. But repeat the phrase | 31 | |
| 5469161796 | Parallelism | Use some general structure for multiple parts of a sentence, or multiple sentences Ex: The manor - designed for beauty and grace, built for durability and strength, and located for privacy and safety - was the ideal home for those three children | 32 | |
| 5469171190 | Zeugma | Structure in which two elements of a sentence are linked by a governing third element in a suggestive way Ex: His presence made it both the field of blood and blasphemy | 33 | |
| 5469188442 | Irony | When an unexpected outcome takes place Verbal: "Nice Hair" (towards Mr. Thornburg) Structural: "modest proposal - romantic business letter Dramatic: Oedipus Situational: Fahrenheit 451 on most banned books Cosmic: The idea that fate and destiny is controlled by outside forces Romantic: Initially acting as if something particular is going to happen and then fabricating it | 34 | |
| 5469233332 | Types of Writing | Objective: View something without bias Ex: News , media Subjective: View something with bias Ex: Blogs, Newspaper editorials, comments Epigraph Writing that's on the outside of the lines | 35 | |
| 5469274366 | Argument | To discover a version of the truth using evidence and reason | 36 | |
| 5469275813 | Persuasion | To change a point of view | 37 | |
| 5469281223 | Types of Arguments | 1. Definition 2. Causation 3. Ethics 4. Evaluation 5. Proposal | 38 | |
| 5469296224 | Forensic Argument | - Try to establish what happened in the past - Rely on precedents: Actions from past that influence future - Rely on Cause and Effect analysis Ex: Did regulation lead to the 2008 recession? | 39 | |
| 5469317926 | Deliberative Argument | - What do we do in the future - Past influences future meaning forensic arguments may be used - If X is true, Y may be true - If X happens, so may Y - If X continues, then Y may occur Ex: Should the US allow an increase in Middle Eastern migration? | 40 | |
| 5469331275 | Argument of Definition | - Does known object belong in specific category Ex: Is a human fetus a human being? | 41 | |
| 5469336349 | Argument of Causation | - What caused something to come into being - What caused current state of events Ex: Violent video games lead to violence in society | 42 | |
| 5469340529 | Argument of Ethics | - Arguing how we should act - What is right or wrong decision in situation - Principles involved? - Dealing with absolute or situational ethics? Ex: Should we use force in Syria? | 43 | |
| 5469344737 | Argument of Evaluation | - What is quality of something - Argument of definition: Is a corvette a sports car? - Argument of evaluation: Is a corvette a good sports car? - Qualifying it further: Is a corvette a good sports car for the price? | 44 | |
| 5469350144 | Proposal Argument | - What action should be taken - Recognition of problem and then the argument that by following the actions you outline, the problem will be solved. - Arguable proposition | 45 | |
| 5469356807 | Arguable Proposition | Someone should take some action Ex: The CCS should require students to wear uniforms during school hours | 46 | |
| 5469368443 | Logos | Logic/Reason/Proof - Appeal to Logic and Reason: - Scientific facts/ theories - Analogies - Data and Statistics - Appeal to authority - Definitions - Examples | 47 | |
| 5469369981 | Ethos | Credibility/Trust - An appeal to Ethics - Writer's background - Appropriate language - Where work is published - Sense of knowledge on both sides of subject | 48 | |
| 5469371494 | Pathos | Emotions/Values - Appeal to emotion - Loaded language - Imagery - Testimonials and narratives - TONE - Appeal to group mentality | 49 | |
| 5469376280 | Audience | - To whom are you addressing your argument - Attributes of audience: Cultural, social, economic, institutional, linguistic, education, geographic contexts | 50 | |
| 5469399440 | Claim | Controversial and debatable statement | 51 | |
| 5469404616 | Qualifiers | Limit your claim to a more reasonable level Ex: Few, some, many, often, perhaps, more or more less, for the most part | 52 | |
| 5469423587 | Counterclaim | Taking the claim and showing an opposing view | 53 | |
| 5469440841 | The Red herring | A fallacy that involves taking the audience's attention off of the issues at hand, and focusing it on an unrelated issue | 54 | |
| 5469455051 | Appeal to Force Argumentum and baculum | Involves threatening someone to get him/her to agree with a stance | 55 | |
| 5469461352 | Appeal to ignorance Argumentum ad ignorantium | Arguing that something is true because the opposite has not been yet proven | 56 | |
| 5469464568 | Appeal to emotion | Used when the arguer takes advantage of emotion to prove his case (fear, flattery, pity, ridicule, and spite) | 57 | |
| 5469474121 | Ad Populum | Involves the attempt to win an argument by appealing to the masses, the audience, a mob, or a crowd instead of appealing to reason | 58 | |
| 5469481450 | You're- not - qualified flaw | A type of ad hominem fallacy that involves failing to address the issue that's been raised by an opponent and attacking his qualifications instead | 59 | |
| 5469486846 | Ad Hominem tu quoque | Occurs when a claim is dismissed either because it is inconsistent with other claims which the claimant is making or because it is inconsistent with the claimant's actions | 60 | |
| 5471929842 | Ad Hominem | Involves ignoring the issue and attacking the opponent personally | 61 | |
| 5471935799 | Over- generalization | Involves assigning a characteristic to an entire group on the basis of only one or two observations | 62 | |
| 5471940036 | Guilt by association | Involves holding that two unalike items or persons can be equated, one with the other, because of a single common characteristic or belief | 63 | |
| 5471948145 | Hasty generalization | Is a logical fallacy in which not enough evidence is used to come to a conclusion | 64 | |
| 5471954520 | The thin, entering wedge | Involves directly projecting past or present observations into the future without considering factors that could alter the direction or the magnitude of the projection | 65 | |
| 5471973729 | Cause- and - effect error or post hoc fallacy | Involves assuming that just because event A preceded event B, event A must necessarily be the cause of event B | 66 | |
| 5471978745 | Misused appeal to authority | Involves believing that those held to be wise or those who are famous cannot be wrong | 67 | |
| 5471984143 | Figures prove fallacy | Involves a manipulation of statistics, using statistical information can strengthen an argument | 68 | |
| 5471992168 | Begging the question or a circular argument | Involves offering a conclusion that turns out to be the premise, just restated | 69 | |
| 5471999812 | Self- evident truth | Involves stating a conclusion without first offering the necessary premises for that conclusion | 70 | |
| 5472005323 | Non sequitur | Fallacy involves the argument in which the conclusion does not follow its premise, often following a usually logical pattern of reasoning | 71 | |
| 5472013513 | Argument ad nauseam or argument from repetition | The false conception that a statement is likely to be true if it has been repeated many times | 72 | |
| 5472021483 | The slippery slope | Fallacy is similar to the thin, entering wedge. The arguer is claiming that one action in the present will result in more problems in the future | 73 | |
| 5472031355 | Straw man | The act of misrepresenting another's opinion so that you can present a case that is easily knocked down | 74 | |
| 5472039308 | Either- or fallacy | The false dilemma is when a debater narrows down a complicated issue to an either- or situation | 75 | |
| 5472042946 | The false analogy | Involves offering an item as analogous to another item despite the absence of a marked similarity between the two items | 76 | |
| 5472050737 | Oversimplification | Involves representing a complex and/or multifaceted problem in a simplistic manner | 77 | |
| 5472055509 | Gambler's fallacy | Involves believing that the laws of chance indicate something will happen | 78 | |
| 5472069598 | Paradigm | The way you view the world | 79 | |
| 5739032631 | Juxtaposition | Act or instance of placing close together or side by side, especially for comparison or contrast -Oxymoron and antithesis are created through juxtaposition Ex: A tarantula crawling across a piece of angel food cake | 80 | |
| 5739043908 | Periodic Sentence | Sentence not grammatically correct until the physical end of the sentence Ex: Over the river, through the woods, to grandmother's house we go | 81 | |
| 5739054117 | Loose Sentence | Sentence in which the sentence is grammatically complete Ex: Opposite of periodic sentence | 82 | |
| 5739061686 | Apothegm(atic) | A short, simple sentence that follows a series of longer more complex sentences | 83 | |
| 5739064852 | Hypophora | Asking a question and then proceeding to answer it Ex: Why should you vote for me? I will supply you with several reasons! | 84 | |
| 5739084445 | Three Types of Purposes | Physical Intellectual Emotional | 85 | |
| 5739098443 | Metaphor | Comparison of two things not using like or as | 86 | |
| 5739101586 | Simile | Comparison of two things using like or as | 87 | |
| 5739105396 | Synecdoche | Figure of speech; part used to reference | 88 | |
| 5739108140 | Personification | Providing human qualities with an object or animal | 89 | |
| 5739119621 | Synesthesia | A confusion of the senses | 90 | |
| 5739128402 | Cliche | Phrase or expression that has been used so often that it is no longer original | 91 | |
| 5739131764 | Semantics | Study of language/words | 92 | |
| 5739134035 | Malapropism | Humorous confusion of words | 93 | |
| 5739141730 | Litotes | Emphasizes a point by using a word opposite to the condition Ex: The trip was no easy journey Ex: It wasn't a bad day | 94 | |
| 5739147924 | Colloquialism | A word of phrase that is not formal or literary | 95 | |
| 5739158095 | Paradox | An idea that looks false at first but there's truth to it Ex: Witches in Macbeth | 96 | |
| 5739162969 | Parody | Humorous copy of | 97 | |
| 5739164834 | Oxymoron | Contradictory of terms | 98 | |
| 5739166695 | Allusion | A famous historical reference | 99 | |
| 5739183601 | Modes of Writing | Expository Descriptive Narrative Persuasive Extended Definition Classification Comparison/Contrast Exemplification | 100 | |
| 5739193386 | Types of Reasoning | Generality Induction Analogy Sign Casual Correlative Authority Principle Deduction Syllogism Contextual | 101 | |
| 5739205480 | Parts of an Argument | Claim Qualifier Support Warrant Counter Claim Rebuttal Refutation Procatalepsis Concession Antanagoge Irrelevance | 102 | |
| 5739225226 | Syntactical Structure | Antithesis Parallelism Polysyndeton Asyndeton Chiasmus Segregating Sentence Juxtaposition Periodic Sentence Loose Sentence Apothegm(atic) Anadiplosis Rhetorical Question Hypophora Zeugma | 103 | |
| 5739246038 | Tropes | Metaphor Simile Synecdoche Personification Hyperbole Understatement Synesthesia Irony | 104 | |
| 5739254658 | Diction | Denotation Connotation Semantics Loaded Language Litotes Euphemism Cliche Colloquialism Neologism Malapropism | 105 | |
| 5739262337 | Genres | Letter Speech Biography/Autobiography Memoir Textbook Editorial News Story Philosophical Essay Persuasive Essay Literary Essay Academic Journal Reference Book Travelogue Political Document | 106 | |
| 5739274542 | Literary Terms | Symbolism Paradox Motif Parody Literal Imagery Oxymoron Satire Apostrophe Figurative Imagery Archetype Caricature Allusion | 107 | |
| 5739300960 | Linguistic Strategies | Syntactical Structure Diction Tropes Mode | 108 | |
| 5739304061 | Argumentative Strategies | Types Support Reasoning Appeals | 109 | |
| 6333436490 | Metonymy | When one word is substituted for another | 110 | |
| 6333436491 | Understatement | Presentation of something being smaller, worse, or less important than it is | 111 | |
| 6333436492 | Litotes | Emphasizes a point by using a word opposite to the condition | 112 | |
| 6333436493 | Jargon | Language that is particular to a trade or professon | 113 | |
| 6333436494 | Vernacular | The native language of a place | 114 | |
| 6333436495 | Loaded language | Double meaning | 115 | |
| 6333436496 | Neologism | A new word | 116 | |
| 6333436497 | Figurative imagery | To use objects, actions, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses | 117 | |
| 6333436498 | Epigraph | Writing on the outside | 118 | |
| 6333436499 | Digression | Slowly getting off topic | 119 | |
| 6333436500 | Non sequitur | Being completely off topic | 120 | |
| 6333436501 | Lampoon | A creative work that uses sharp humor to point to the foolishness of a person, institution, or human nature in general | 121 | |
| 6333436502 | Discursive | Writing that meanders | 122 | |
| 6333436503 | Dialectic | Centers on a proposal argument or thesis, and then counters that point of view with possible opposing ideas | 123 | |
| 6333436504 | Pastor/ Idyll | Writing that extols the virtue of the country side/ nature | 124 | |
| 6333436505 | Didactic | Emphasizes instructional and informative qualities in literature | 125 | |
| 6333436506 | Allegory | Characters and events are symbols that stand for ideas about human life or for a political or historical situation | 126 | |
| 6333436507 | Pedantry | Writing overwrought with rules and form | 127 | |
| 6333436508 | Discourse | Written or spoken communication | 128 | |
| 6333436509 | Avant garde | New or unusual, experimental | 129 | |
| 6333436510 | Equivocal | More than one interpretation | 130 | |
| 6333436511 | Enigmatic | Difficult to interpret | 131 | |
| 6333436512 | Disdain | Showing contempt or hate | 132 | |
| 6333436513 | Erudite | Educated | 133 | |
| 6333436514 | Procatalepsis | Figure of speech where the speaker raises and objection to their own argument | 134 | |
| 6333436515 | Concession | Acknowledging a point made by ones opponent | 135 | |
| 6333436516 | Antanagoge | Putting a negative point next to a positive point | 136 | |
| 6333436517 | Rebuttal | technique in which a speaker or writer uses argument and presents reasoning or evidence intended to undermine or weaken the claim of an opponent | 137 | |
| 6333436518 | Refutation | described as the negation of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine, or theory, through contradicting evidence. | 138 | |
| 6333436519 | Warrant | Links the evidence to the claim | 139 | |
| 6333436520 | Anecdotes | is defined as a short and interesting story or an amusing event often proposed to support or demonstrate some point and make readers and listeners laugh. | 140 | |
| 6333453676 | Rhetorical question | a question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer | 141 |
