Terms : Hide Images
| 2247961650 | logos | appeal to authority, cause and effect, statistics, generalizations | 0 | |
| 2247964378 | ethos | appeal to ethics, credibility, morals | 1 | |
| 2247965073 | pathos | appeal to feelings, emotion, logical fallicies | 2 | |
| 2247966638 | generalization | reasoning from facts, a general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases | 3 | |
| 2247969225 | analogy | using comparisons between ideas to explain, illustrate, or clarify examples | 4 | |
| 2247971634 | cause and effect | reasoning that explains how if one thing happens, it causes another thing to happen; common fallacies: post hoc ergo prompter hoc, coincidence, association, correlation, causality (very obvious C/E) | 5 | |
| 2247975784 | sign argument | reasoning based on noting certain signs or patterns, things that don't happen causally but occur simultaneously by happenstance; winter is coming because leaves are falling | 6 | |
| 2247981776 | statistics | reasoning based on method of study like science, data, quality of study; fallacies: false authority, faulty reasoning from stats | 7 | |
| 2247984062 | authority | reasoning based on what an authority or expert says | 8 | |
| 2247984809 | fallacy | a part of an argument that doesn't make sense, has holes in argument | 9 | |
| 2247985557 | equivocation | using the same word to mean two different things in the same argument; usually with words that have strong emotional content and many meanings; feather is light/what is light can't be dark is equivocating the meaning of light | 10 | |
| 2247991492 | false analogy | A and B could be the same color, but they don't share the same size; you can't make the comparison between bananas and the sun just because they're both yellow | 11 | |
| 2247995215 | false authority | assertion is invalid when authority's claims are not supported and are seen as absolute; something isn't true just because your teacher said, or because it's in the news or in a book | 12 | |
| 2247999535 | straw man | practice of refuting a weaker argument than your opponent presents, which means you aren't refuting their argument at all; you manipulate what your opponent says so that their position is easier to refute | 13 | |
| 2248002472 | red herring | making an irrelevant conclusion about an issue, distracts people from the actual issue | 14 | |
| 2248006152 | post hoc ergo prompter hoc | false cause and effect: just because A happened and then B happened doesn't mean that A caused B | 15 | |
| 2248007453 | circular reasoning | you can't have that because you can't; she needs to be fired because she needs to be fired | 16 | |
| 2248009001 | ad hominem | attacking the messenger of argument instead of argument itself | 17 | |
| 2248011821 | non-sequitur | argument that does not progress logically; if i am a cat, i am a mammal, so if i am a mammal, i am a cat | 18 | |
| 2248014571 | begging the question | when an argument is proved with its own propositions, assumptions that leaves question unanswered, begs to be answered; politicians can't be trusted because only untrustworthy people run for office | 19 | |
| 2248023288 | false dichotomy | black and white thinking; mark is late for work. either his car broke down, or he has overslept. he isn't at home so his car must have broken down | 20 | |
| 2248027437 | slippery slope | causal argument that claims that a small first step leads to chain of related events, like an object given a small push over a cliff will fall very quickly to the bottom; same-sex marriage, what's next, marrying your parents or your car??? | 21 | |
| 2248038964 | alliteration | repetition of sounds at the beginning of words; strike straight, wage war | 22 | |
| 2248039821 | internal alliteration | reiterated consonant sounds within a word; conclude, concur | 23 | |
| 2248040589 | consonance | repetition of consonant sounds in 2 or more words that have different vowel sounds; had/hid, wonder/wander, haven/heaven, pitter/patter | 24 | |
| 2248044348 | assonance | repetition of similar vowel sounds in words; sad/fact, seven/elves | 25 | |
| 2248046038 | onomatopoeia | using a word to imitate a sound | 26 | |
| 2248049092 | telegraphic sentence | sentence shorter than 5 words | 27 | |
| 2248049804 | short sentence | sentence with 5-15 words | 28 | |
| 2248049806 | medium sentence | sentence with 18-20 words | 29 | |
| 2248050498 | long and involved sentence | sentence with 30+ words | 30 | |
| 2248051018 | natural order | sentence has normal order; Oranges grow in California. | 31 | |
| 2248051779 | inverted order | sentence has yoda order; Oranges in California they grow. | 32 | |
| 2248054460 | loose sentence | independent clause comes first, followed by a bunch of dependent clauses; casual, associative tone | 33 | |
| 2248055569 | periodic sentence | starts with a bunch of dependent clauses, which are then tied together by final independent clause | 34 | |
| 2248056251 | split order | sentence that divides complete verb or verb phrase; you already do know that = already do you know that | 35 | |
| 2248058929 | balanced | clauses that balance each other, likeness in structure or meaning or length; he maketh me to lie down, he leadeth me to stand | 36 | |
| 2248060146 | anaphora | rhetorical repetition at the beginning of successive phrases | 37 | |
| 2248062738 | epizeuxis | repetition of words without spaces in between; words, words, words | 38 | |
| 2248063554 | epistrophe | repetition of words at the end of successive clauses; of the people, by the people, for the people | 39 | |
| 2248064431 | epanalepsis | repetition of word at the end of clause that appeared at beginning of clause; to each the boulders that have fallen to each | 40 | |
| 2248066714 | anadiplosis | repetition of important word from one end of phrase to start of another phrase; chicken for dinner? dinner is ruined. | 41 | |
| 2248068282 | polyptoton | repetition of words that come from same root word; battle/embattled, feeding/feeder, bed/embedded | 42 | |
| 2248069411 | rhetorical question | figure of speech in which question is posed that doesn't want an answer by to provoke thought | 43 | |
| 2248070391 | aphorism | general truth, statement expressing opinion that is hard to forget; science is organized knowledge, lost time is never found again | 44 | |
| 2248072412 | parallelism | repetition within sentence with same grammatical forms; she was here, she was there, she was everywhere | 45 | |
| 2248074618 | antithesis | use of parallelism whereby grammatical forms are repeated in a way that creates opposing ideas; one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind | 46 | |
| 2248077093 | chiasmus | two phrases are same in syntax, but in reverse order; life imitates art far more than art imitates life | 47 | |
| 2248078640 | aposiopesis | breaking off of speech to raise excitement; why i oughtta-- | 48 | |
| 2248079669 | non-standard grammar | slang | 49 | |
| 2248080279 | asyndeton | list of words that aren't joined by conjunctions; she was bland, drab, boring. | 50 | |
| 2248081443 | monosyndeton | list of words joined by only one conjunction; she was rude, and vain, and superficial, and inconsiderate | 51 | |
| 2248083766 | polysyndeton | list of words joined by multiple different conjunctions; i love her, but i hate her, and i want to hit her, however, i love her | 52 | |
| 2248085086 | ellipsis | omission of word or phrase that is implied by context of sentence to avoid excessive language; government of the people, by the people, for the people | 53 | |
| 2248087931 | epithet | using a single-word adjective that is linked to a specific person or quality; championship team, alexander the great, commander-in-chief | 54 | |
| 2248089822 | interruption | word or clause that breaks flow of a sentence; my essay, to be honest, is perfect. | 55 | |
| 2248090654 | parenthesis | launches a new idea completely separate from the one being discussed in sentence using comma, dash, brackets, parentheses | 56 | |
| 2248092183 | exclamation | type of interruption in which writer stops to address listener personally; kanye west is great, but you already know that. he has many awards, but i'm going to let you finish | 57 | |
| 2248095632 | appositive | one or more nouns or phrases that rename or add further detail to clarify ideas; george bush, the president of the US,.. | 58 | |
| 2248250934 | connotation | additional sense associated or suggested by a word of phrase, usually subjective; blanket connotes warmth | 59 | |
| 2248252425 | subtext | implication and inference , underlying meaning of something | 60 | |
| 2248252962 | denotation | specific or literal meaning of a word | 61 | |
| 2248253402 | tenor | literal subject, the aspect that holds meaning | 62 | |
| 2248254238 | vehicle | part of metaphor that is the analogy, conveys the comparison | 63 | |
| 2248254825 | mixed metaphor | occurs when 2 or more incongruous vehicles are applied to same tenor; she felt a heavy burden of guilt, but she wouldn't let it engulf her = burden and engulf are two vehicles | 64 | |
| 2248256090 | personification | figure of thought in which abstract concept, animal, inanimate object is treated as though it were alive and had human attributes | 65 | |
| 2248256601 | pathetic fallacy | type of personification that gives human qualities or feelings to nature | 66 | |
| 2248257046 | synedoche | word that evokes imagery about physical part to represent a whole or a physical whole to represent a part, usually for body parts; hand in marriage = woman to marry, windows = microsoft | 67 | |
| 2248257946 | metonymy | word that evokes imagery about single characteristic associated with particular thing; the crown = british monarchy | 68 | |
| 2248258851 | allusion | reference to work or historical time | 69 | |
| 2248259140 | allegory | work that uses simplistic storyline with 2 meanings: literal and underlying moral lessons | 70 | |
| 2248259767 | anecdote | brief tale narrating interesting or amusing incident | 71 | |
| 2248260015 | name dropping | strengthening argument through association of an idea to a well-known person | 72 | |
| 2248260522 | verbal irony | saying something but meaning complete opposite | 73 | |
| 2248260775 | sarcasm | taunting kind of verbal irony | 74 | |
| 2248261138 | situational irony | when outcome of something is different from what's expected | 75 | |
| 2248261687 | socratic irony | feigning ignorance to achieve advantage over opponent, playing dumb | 76 | |
| 2248262905 | pun | play on words that have same sound but different meanings, usual effect is witty double meaning | 77 | |
| 2248264780 | malapropism | deliberate mispronunciation or spelling of word to poke fun | 78 | |
| 2248265051 | antanaclasis | pun in which word is used in two different senses | 79 | |
| 2248265600 | double entendre | pun in which one word suggests two meanings, sexually suggestive | 80 | |
| 2248266453 | synesthesia | using adjectives from one sense to describe another sense, play on words creating neurological mixing of senses; hearing colors, seeing sounds, tastes like regret | 81 | |
| 2248267335 | anthimeria | pun where a noun is used as verb; i am pooped, i am origamied out | 82 | |
| 2248267882 | juxtaposition | contrast between 2 words put together to emphasize difference in meaning | 83 | |
| 2248272189 | apostrophe | reference to a person that's not really there or abstract concept, elevates style and emotional intensity | 84 | |
| 2248272866 | hyperbole | exaggeration | 85 | |
| 2248272867 | understatement | form of irony in which point is highlighted by expressing ideas as of less importance or magnitude | 86 | |
| 2248273713 | euphemism | using a word to replace another more offensive or blunt one; passed away for died | 87 | |
| 2248274120 | periphrasis | using more words than necessary to express an idea to avoid saying it directly; don't get your panties all up in a bunch = chill out | 88 | |
| 2248275225 | paradox | counter-intuitive statement; the silence is deafening | 89 | |
| 2248275815 | oxymoron | compressed paradox that uses 2 words with contrary elements; bittersweet, jumbo shrimp | 90 | |
| 2248276211 | litotes | describing something by negating its opposite; it's not uncommon, he's no fool = he's wise | 91 |
