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AP Language Flashcards

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7120233701AlliterationRepetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words0
7120233702Allusionindirect reference, often to another text or historic event1
7120233703AnalogyA similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them.2
7120383720AnaphoraRepetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses3
7120383721AnecdoteShort account of an interesting event4
7120383722Annotation(n.) a critical or explanatory note or comment, especially for a literary work5
7120383723AntecedentThe word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.6
7120383724AntimetaboleThe repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.7
7120383725Antithesisa person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else8
7120383726AphorismShort astute statement of a general truth9
7120383727AppositiveA word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.10
7120383728archaic dictionThe use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language.11
7120383729ArgumentA statement put forth and supported by evidence12
7120383730Aristotelian triangleA diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among speaker, subject, and audience13
7120383731Assertiona declaration or statement14
7120383732AssumptionA belief or statement taken for granted without proof.15
7120383733AsyndetonLeaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses.16
7120383734AttitudeSpeakers position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone17
7120383735audienceThose to whom a speech/writing is for18
7120383736authorityA reliable, respected source-someone with knowledge19
7120383737BiasPrejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue20
7120383738CiteIdentifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source.21
7120383739ClaimAn assertion, usually supported by evidence22
7120383740close readingA careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language23
7120383741ColloquialAn informal or conversational use of language24
7120383742common groundShared beliefs, values, or positions.25
7120383743complex sentenceA sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.26
7120383744ConcessionA reluctant acknowledgment or yielding.27
7120383745ConnotationThat why ch is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning28
7120383746ContextWords, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.29
7120383747CoordinationGrammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but30
7120383748CounterargumentA challenge to a position; an opposing argument.31
7120383749cumulative sentenceAn independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail32
7120383750declarative sentenceA sentence that makes a statement.33
7120383751DeductionReasoning from general to specific34
7120383752DenotationThe dictionary definition of a word35
7120383753DictionWord choice36
7120383754DocumentationBibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing.37
7120383755ElegiacMournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone38
7120383756EpigramA brief witty statement39
7120383757Ethos (ethical appeal)A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's 3 rhetorical appeals40
7120383758figurative languageThe use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect41
7120383759figure of speechAn expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning.42
7120383760Hyperboleexaggeration for effect43
7120383761ImageryVivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing).44
7120383762imperative sentenceA sentence that requests or commands.45
7120383763Inductionreasoning from specific to general. Statement in which the verb precedes the subject46
7120383764IronyA contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result47
7120383765JuxtapositionPlacement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts48
7120383766LogosAppeal to logic49
7120383767MetaphorFigure of speech through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison50
7120383768Metonymyuse of an aspect of something to represent the whole51
7120383769occasionAn aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing.52
7120383770OxymoronA figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms53
7133600484Paradoxa statement that seems contradictory but is actually true54
7133600485ParallelismThe repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.55
7133600486Parodya work which imitates another in a ridiculous manner56
7133600487Pathosappeal to emotion57
7133600488PersonaThe speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing58
7133600489PersonificationAttribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or idea59
7133600490Polemican argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion60
7133600491Polysyndetonthe deliberate use of a series of conjunctions61
7133600492Premisea proposition supporting or helping to support a conclusion62
7133600493PropagandaNegative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information63
7133600494PurposeOne's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.64
7133600495refuteTo discrete dit an argument, particularly a counterargument65
7133600496RhetoricThe study of effective, persuasive language use.66
7133600497rhetorical modespatterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose67
7133600498rhetorical questionA question asked more to produce an effect rather than to summon an answer68
7133600499Rhetorical Triangleauthor, audience, purpose69
7133600500SatireA literary style used to make fun of or ridicule an idea or human vice or weakness70
7133600501SchemeA pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect.71
7133600502Sentence PatternsThe arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into know sentence constructions72
7133600503sentence varietyUsing a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect.73
7133600504SimileA comparison using "like" or "as"74
7133600505simple sentencea statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause75
7133600506SourceA book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information.76
7133600507SpeakerA term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing77
7133600508Straw ManA logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting and then attacking an opponents position78
7133600509StyleThe distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech79
7133600510SubjectIn rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing.80
7133600511subordinate clauseCreated by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause.81
7133600512SubordinationThe dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence.82
7133600513Syllogisma form of deductive reasoning with a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion83
7133600514SyntaxSentence structure84
7133600515SynthesizeCombining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex.85
7133600516Thesiscentral idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer86
7133600517thesis statementA statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit.87
7133600518ToneThe speakers attitude toward the subject88
7133600519topic sentencea sentence that states the topic of its paragraph89
7133600520TropeArtful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech.90
7133600521UnderstatementLack of emphasis in a statement or point.91
7133600522VoiceRelationship between a verb and noun; in rhetoric between quality in style and tone of writing92
7133600523ZeugmaA construction in which one word modifies or governs two or more words93

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