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AP Language Flashcards

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10602134949RhetoricThe faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion0
10602134950OccasionThe time and place a text was written or spoken1
10602134951contextThe circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text.2
10602134952purposethe goal the speaker wants to achieve3
10602134953rhetorical triangleA diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text.4
10602134954Speakerthe person or group who creates a text5
10602134955PersonaThe face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience.6
10602134956audiencethe listener, viewer, or reader of a text7
10602134957Subjectthe topic of a text8
10602134958SOAPSSubject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Speaker9
10602134959Ethosappeal to credibility10
10602134960PathosAppeal to emotion11
10602134961propagandisticthe spread of ideas and information to further a cause12
10602134962LogosAppeal to logic13
10602134963ToneThe speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience.14
10602134964Moodthe feeling created in the reader by a literary work15
10602134965MetaphorComparison between unlike things without using like or and16
10602134966Similiea comparison between two unlike things using like or as17
10602134967PersonificationGiving a nonhuman thing human qualities18
10602134968Hyperboleexaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.19
10602134969Parellelismuse of similar grammitical constructions to express ideas that are related or equal in importance20
10602134970JuxtapositionPlacement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts21
10602134971Antithesisexact opposite22
10602134972compound sentencea sentence with more than one subject or predicate.23
10602134973complex sentenceA sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause24
10602134974periodic sentencesentence whose main clause is withheld until the end25
10602134975inverted sentenceA sentence in which the subject follows the verb26
10602134976cumulative sentencesentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on27
10602134977imperative sentencesentence used to command or enjoin28
10602134978ImageryDescription that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)29
10602134979argumentA statement put forth and supported by evidence30
10602134980claimthe writer's position on an issue or problem31
10602134981claim of factasserts that something is true or not true32
10602134982claim of valueargues that something is good or bad, right or wrong33
10602134983claim of policyproposes a change34
10602134984straw man fallacyinstead of dealing with the actual issue, it attacks a weaker version of argument35
10602134985False DilemmaA fallacy of oversimplification that offers a limited number of options (usually two) when in fact more options are available.36
10602134986Hasty GeneralizationA fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence.37
10602134987first-hand evidenceEvidence based on something the writer knows, whether it's from personal experience, observations, or general knowledge of events.38
10602134988Anecdotesa short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person39
10602134989second-hand evidenceEvidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation. It includes factual and historical information, expert opinion, and quantitative data.40
10602134990quantitative evidenceincludes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represented in numbers41
10602134991introduction (exordium)introduces the reader to the subject under discussion42
10602134992narration (narratio)Provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject is a problem that needs addressing.43
10602134993confirmation (confirmatio)Usually the major part of the text, the confirmation includes the proof needed to make the writer's case.44
10602134994refutation (refutatio)Addresses the counterargument. It is a bridge between the writer's proof and conclusion.45
10602134995conclusion (peroratio)brings the essay to a satisfying close46
10602134996Inductionthe process that moves from a given series of specifics to a generalization47
10602134997deductionthe process of moving from a general rule to a specific example48

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