AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

AP Language Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
10190773835AlliterationThe repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables0
10190787068AllusionAn indirect reference, often to another text or historical event1
10190798004AnalogyAn extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things2
10191284821AnaphoraThe repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses3
10191287512AnecdoteA short account of an interesting event4
10191290343AntecedentThe noun to which a later pronoun refers5
10191291839AntimetaboleThe repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast6
10191309357AntithesisParallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas7
10191313315AphorismA short, astute statement of a general truth8
10191325587AppositiveA word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun9
10191348988Archaic dictionThe use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language10
10191360760AssertionAn emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument11
10191383038AssumptionA belief or statement taken for granted without proof12
10191386606AsyndetonLeaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses13
10191390890AttitudeThe speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone14
10191397939AudienceOne's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed15
10191401994AuthorityA reliable, respected source-someone with knowledge16
10191405405BiasPrejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue17
10191412473CiteIdentifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source18
10191414277ClaimAn assertion, usually supported by evidence19
10191432734Close readingA careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, & other literary & structural elements of a text20
10191443293ColloquialismAn informal or conversational use of language21
10191445285Complex SentenceA sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause22
10191456325ConcessionA reluctant acknowledgement or yielding23
10191459223ConnotationThat which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning24
10192318349ContextWords, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning25
10192322053CoordinationGrammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but26
10192323937CounterargumentA challenge to a position; an opposing argument27
10192332547Cumulative sentenceAn independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail28
10192336575Declarative sentenceA sentence that makes a statement29
10192344884DeductionReasoning from general to specific30
10192348054DenotationThe literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition31
10192353665DictionWord choice32
10192354191DocumentationBibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing33
10192355922ElegiacMournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone34
10208617330EpigramA brief witty statement35
10208619914EthosA Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals36
10208626317Figurative languageThe use of tropes or figures of speech;going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect37
10208644357Figure of speechAn expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning38
10208649409HyperboleExaggeration for the purpose of emphasis39
10208652433ImageryVivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses(sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing)40
10208658152Imperative sentenceA sentence that requests or demands41
10208661682InductionReasoning from specific to general42
10208670893InversionA sentence in which the verb precedes the subject43
10208674772IronyA contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result44
10208680140JuxtapositionPlacement of two things side by side for emphasis45
10214236214LogosA Greek term that means "Word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals46
10214266436MetaphorA figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison47
10214297444MetonymyUse of an aspect of something to represent the whole48
10214309047OccasionAn aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing49
10216652913OxymoronA figure of speech that combines tow contradictory terms50
10216656280ParadoxA statement that seems contradictory but is actually true51
10216660164ParallelismThe repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns52
10216670233ParodyA piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent feature of another; used for comic effect or ridicule53
10216680681PathosA Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotole's three rhetorical appeals54
10216692937PersonaThe speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing55
10216700984PersonificationAssigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects56
10216705042PolemicAn argument against an idea; usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion57
10216710473PolysyndetonThe deliberate use of a series of conjunctions58
10216721742PremiseMajor, minor-Two parts of syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise. For example: Major: All mammals are warm blooded. Minor: All horses are mammals. Conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded59
10216746048PropagandaA negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information60
10216752724PurposeOne's intention or objective in speech or piece of writing61
10216757338RefuteTo discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument62
10216766090RhetoricThe study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion"63
10216779665Rhetorical modesPatterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation64
10216801687Rhetorical questionA question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer65
10216813626Rhetorical triangleA diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker , the subject, and the audience66
10216819505SatireAn ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it67
10216827864SchemeA pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect68
10216836623Sentence patternsThe arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions- such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex69
10223348905Sentence VarietyUsing a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect70
10223353235SimileA figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things71
10223360162Simple sentenceA statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause72
10223363969SourceA book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information73
10223369565SpeakerA term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing74
10223378119StyleThe distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech75
10223383976SubjectIn rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing76
10223390301Subordinate clauseCreated by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause77
10223393020SubordinationThe dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence78
10223405390SyllogismA form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise79
10224329994SyntaxSentence structure80
10224336138SynthesizeCombining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex81
10224342841ToneThe speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience82
10224350711TropeArtful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech83
10224359071UnderstatementLack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect84
10224366375VoiceIn grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing85
10224371904ZeugmaA construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs—often in different, sometimes incongruent ways—two or more words in a sentence86

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!