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AP Language Fundamental Terms Flashcards

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13655315789Ad Hominema fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute0
13655315790Anadiplosisrepetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause1
13655315791Anaphorathe repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses2
13655315792Antithesisan observation or claim that is in opposition to your claim or an author's claim3
13655315793AphorismA brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life.4
13655315794BandwagonA fallacy which assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable.5
13655315795cause and effectnoting a relationship between actions or events such that one or more are the result of the other or others.6
13655315796declarative sentencea sentence that makes a statement or declaration7
13655315797deductive reasoningreasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)8
13655315798Epistrophethe repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences9
13655315799Ethoscredibility10
13655315800Fallacya mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument11
13655315801False Analogyan argument using an inappropriate metaphor12
13655315802inductive reasoningA type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations.13
13655315803Ironythe use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning14
13655315804JuxtapositionPlacement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts15
13655315805Logosan appeal based on logic or reason16
13655315806Paradoxa statement that seems contradictory but is actually true17
13655315807Parallel Syntax (Parallelism)a pattern of language that creates a rhythm of repetition often combined with some other language of repetition18
13655315808PathosAppeal to emotion19
13655315809point of viewthe perspective from which a story is told20
13655315810Polysyndetonthe use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural: "He was overwhelmed , as if by a tsunami, and by the fishes, and by the seaweed, and by the salt spray from the heavens."21
13655315811premiseanother word for a claim; a statement of truth, at least to the person making the argument22
13655315812red herring fallacythe use of irrelevant material to divert attention23
13655315813RepetitionRepeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis24
13655315814rhetorical questionA question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer25
13655315815rhetorical shiftthis occurs when the author of an essay significantly alters his or her diction, syntax, or both26
13655315816slippery slope fallacy (also called Domino theory)This fallacy of argumentation argues that one thing inevitably leads to another. Politicians love to use it as a form of exaggeration.27
13655315817straw man fallacywhen a speaker ignores the actual position of an opponent and substitutes it with a distorted and exaggerated position28
13655315818SyllogismA form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.29
13655315819SynthesisTwo or more elements or compounds combine to make a more complex substance30
13655315820Understatementthe opposite of exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.31

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