Terms : Hide Images
| 8094986017 | SOSPARTA | Subject Occasion Speaker Purpose Audience Rhetorical Canon Tone Appeals | 0 | |
| 8094997087 | Subject | The topic of the text | 1 | |
| 8094998027 | Occasion | The time and place a speech is given or a piece is written | 2 | |
| 8094998028 | Speaker | The voice of a work | 3 | |
| 8094998029 | Purpose | The goal the speaker wants to achieve | 4 | |
| 8094998863 | Audience | Who the author is directing his or her message towards | 5 | |
| 8094998864 | Rhetorical Canons | Invention, Arrangement, Style | 6 | |
| 8094999652 | Tone | How the author feels | 7 | |
| 8094999653 | Appeals | Ethos, logos, pathos | 8 | |
| 8094999654 | Ethos | Ethics | 9 | |
| 8095000640 | Pathos | Emotion | 10 | |
| 8095000641 | Logos | Logic | 11 | |
| 8095001557 | Rhetorical Situation | Rhetor Exigence Copia Occasion Kairos Audience Constraints Purpose | 12 | |
| 8524911525 | Rhetor | Speaker | 13 | |
| 8524915876 | Exigence | An issue, problem, or situation that gives the rhetor purpose | 14 | |
| 8524923725 | Copia | Background Knowledge | 15 | |
| 8524929386 | Occasion | Intentional release | 16 | |
| 8524949047 | Kairos | Timing | 17 | |
| 8524949050 | Audience | Recipient | 18 | |
| 8524951719 | Constraints | Internal: Personal problem and how to express it External: Limitations by materials and audience | 19 | |
| 8524957536 | Purpose | Purpose | 20 | |
| 8095005268 | Paradox | a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true | 21 | |
| 8095006901 | Rhetorical Triangle | Rhetor/speaker, audience, purpose/subject, text |  | 22 |
| 8095035350 | Valid Argument | If all the premises are true, the conclusion cannot be false | 23 | |
| 8095035351 | Sound Argument | If all the premises are valid and all premises are true | 24 | |
| 8095038066 | Good Argument | Valid and sound | 25 | |
| 8095038067 | Bad Argument | Valid but not sound | 26 | |
| 8095039238 | Evidence Spectrum | 1. Facts 2.Examples 3. Precedents 4. Statistics 5. Expert Opinion 6. Anecdote 7. Testimonial 8. Analogy 9. Hypothetical 10. Personal Opinion | 27 | |
| 8095047841 | Fallacies | Errors of reasoning | 28 | |
| 8095057961 | Fallacies of Relevance | Premises prove irrelevant to the conclusion | 29 | |
| 8095059639 | Ad Hominem | Not relevant; personal attack Ex: Well you don't like spinach (convo about something else) | 30 | |
| 8095059640 | Ad Populum | It is true because most people support it Ex: 80% of x like y. Therefore x is the best | 31 | |
| 8095063851 | Argumentum ad ignorantium | Lack of information and evidence Ex: x is true because you can't prove not x | 32 | |
| 8095063852 | Appeal to False Authority | Using an unreliable source Ex: P1 says it's true. Therefore it must be true | 33 | |
| 8095065309 | False Analogy | Connecting two things that aren't similar Ex: x is similar to y. y is z. Therefore x is z | 34 | |
| 8095065310 | Red Herring | Bringing random facts into an argument; irrelevant statement Ex: x is y. r is q. Therefore z is y | 35 | |
| 8095067036 | Fallacies of Accuracy/ Sufficiency | Premises prove inaccurate or lack sufficient evidence | 36 | |
| 8095067037 | Circular Argument/Reasoning | Repeating the same premise and drawing a conclusion from it; can't prove Ex: x causes z because z says so | 37 | |
| 8095068339 | Either/Or | Two options said like they're the only two options Ex: Choose x or y | 38 | |
| 8095068340 | Hasty Generalization | Drawing a conclusion on a small sample instead of looking at stats based on the average situation Ex: P1 and P2 believe x. Therefore everyone believes x | 39 | |
| 8095068341 | Post Hoc | Relating two things that happened together but had nothing to do with each other Ex: Because x, then y | 40 | |
| 8095070126 | Slippery Slope | Events tied together with an unrelated conclusion Ex: A then B. Therefore Z | 41 | |
| 8095071281 | Fallacies of Ambiguity | Premises rely on deception or manipulation of terms or ideas | 42 | |
| 8095071282 | Equivocation | When a phrase in an argument is used in more than one meaning Ex: Who's on first? What's on second? | 43 | |
| 8095140647 | Straw Man | Substituting someone's position of an extreme version Ex: P1- Claim P2- Relates y to x (simple) and attacks distorted x claims to y to be false | 44 | |
| 8095156896 | Invention | Relationships among ideas used to craft or support an argument | 45 | |
| 8095156897 | Definition | Considers the larger group to which something belongs | 46 | |
| 8095159025 | Genus/Species | Identifies a given thing as being part of a larger class | 47 | |
| 8095160663 | Whole/Parts | Clarifies by describing a whole and it's parts or the parts that make up the whole | 48 | |
| 8095170309 | Subject/Adjuncts | Takes into account both what is essential (subject) and what is accidental (adjuncts) | 49 | |
| 8095694512 | Similarity/Difference | Compares and contrasts | 50 | |
| 8095694513 | Contraries | Considers opposite or incompatible things that are of the same kind | 51 | |
| 8095696415 | Degree | Focuses on more or less | 52 | |
| 8095698359 | More good/less bad | A greater number of things is often considered better than a small number of the same things | 53 | |
| 8095698360 | Ends/Means | An end is a greater good than that which is only a means | 54 | |
| 8095701445 | Scarcity/Rarity | What is scarce is more valued than what is abundant | 55 | |
| 8095701446 | Learned Beings | What learned people would choose is better than what the ignorant would choose | 56 | |
| 8095703461 | Majority Rule | What the majority of people would choose is better than what the minority would choose | 57 | |
| 8095707707 | Possessing over Appearing | What people would really like to possess is a greater good than what they would like to give the impression of possessing | 58 | |
| 8095710310 | Fortiorti | When the rhetoric reaches a conclusion by first setting up two possibilities of varying values | 59 | |
| 8095711731 | Cause/Effect | Considers the effects of a given cause or the causes contributing to given effects | 60 | |
| 8095712914 | Antecedent/Consequence | Considers events or consequences that follow given actions or conditions; similar to cause and effect | 61 | |
| 8095714007 | Possible/Impossible | An examination of the feasibility of a proposed action | 62 | |
| 8095715177 | Past fact/Future fact | Refers back to general events in the past to suppose what will occur in the future | 63 | |
| 8095719198 | Notation and Conjugates | Making an argument based on the relationship between language and that to which language refers | 64 | |
| 8095720491 | First-Hand Evidence | Something that you know | 65 | |
| 8095720492 | Personal Experience | Adds a human element and pathos | 66 | |
| 8095721839 | Anecdotes | About other people that you've either observed or been told about | 67 | |
| 8095721840 | Current Events | What is happening locally, nationally, and globally | 68 | |
| 8095723251 | Second-Hand Evidence | Accessed through research, reading, and investigation | 69 | |
| 8095723252 | Historical Information | Verifiable facts that a writer knows from research | 70 | |
| 8095724661 | Expert Opinion | The opinion of someone who has either published research or whose job gives them an expert viewpoint | 71 | |
| 8095726328 | Quantitative Evidence | Statistics, surveys, polls, or census information | 72 | |
| 8095728825 | Classical Oration | Introduction Narration Confirmation Refutation Conclusion | 73 | |
| 8095731245 | Induction | Reasoning from specific to general | 74 | |
| 8095731246 | Deduction | Reasoning from general to specific | 75 | |
| 8095734573 | Arrangement | The structure of a text | 76 | |
| 8095734574 | Claim | States the main point or stance | 77 | |
| 8095736052 | Claims of Fact | Assert that something is true or not true | 78 | |
| 8095737762 | Claims of Value | Argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable | 79 | |
| 8095738940 | Claims of Policy | Propose a change | 80 | |
| 8095742690 | Closed Thesis Statement | A statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make | 81 | |
| 8095742691 | Open Thesis Statement | A statement that does not list all the points the writer intends to make | 82 | |
| 8453045713 | Subject- Syntax | What is performing the verb; who or what | 83 | |
| 8453224663 | Noun | Person, place, thing, or idea | 84 | |
| 8453242424 | Verb | An action | 85 | |
| 8453246233 | Modifier | Words, phrases, or clauses that provide description | 86 | |
| 8453267263 | Relative Pronouns | Connects a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun; who, whom, which, whoever, whomever, whichever, that | 87 | |
| 8453281677 | Adjective | Describes a noun | 88 | |
| 8453293399 | Adverb | Describes a verb; can often be replaced by another verb | 89 | |
| 8453307384 | Conjunctive Adverb | Connects phrases, words, or clauses | 90 | |
| 8453343994 | Conjunctions | Connects or joins together words, phrases, clauses, or sentences | 91 | |
| 8453377027 | Coordinating Conjunctions | FANBOYS; Gives equal emphasis to two main clauses | 92 | |
| 8453387424 | Subordinating Conjunctions | Connects two unequal parts | 93 | |
| 8453453895 | Participle | Tense of a verb | 94 | |
| 8453467506 | Infinitive | To+verb | 95 | |
| 8453489985 | Gerund | Ends in -ing; functions as a noun | 96 | |
| 8453500765 | Preposition | Indicates location or time | 97 | |
| 8453883421 | Phrase | Two or more words that do not contain the subject- verb pair necessary to form a clause | 98 | |
| 8453914480 | Participial Phrase | Begins with a past or present participle; functions as an adjective | 99 | |
| 8454157666 | Prepositional Phrase | Begins with a prepositions and ends with a noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause | 100 | |
| 8454157667 | Gerund Phrase | Begins with a gerund; functions as a noun | 101 | |
| 8454157668 | Appositive Phrase | A noun or phrase that describes another noun next to it; always separated by commas | 102 | |
| 8454157669 | Infinitive Phrase | Begins with an infinitive; functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb | 103 | |
| 8454157670 | Clause | Contains a subject and a verb | 104 | |
| 8454157671 | Independent Clause | Includes a subject and a verb and is a complete thought | 105 | |
| 8454157672 | Dependent Clause | Includes a subject and a verb but is not a complete thought | 106 | |
| 8454157673 | Adjective Clause | Contains a subject and a verb; Begins with a relative pronoun or relative adverb; Functions as an adjective | 107 | |
| 8454157674 | Subordinate Clause | A subordinate conjunction or a relative pronoun connected to a subject and a verb | 108 | |
| 8454157675 | Adverbial Clause | Contains a subordinate conjunction; Answers: How? When? Where? or Why? | 109 | |
| 8454157676 | Simple Sentence | One independent clause that can have a phrase attached to it | 110 | |
| 8454157677 | Compound Sentence | Two independent clauses joined by: a coordinating conjunction, a conjunctive adverb, or a semicolon | 111 | |
| 8454157678 | Complex Sentence | One dependent clause joined to an independent clause | 112 | |
| 8454157679 | Compound- Complex Sentence | Two independent clauses joined to one or more dependent clauses | 113 | |
| 8454157680 | Cumulative Sentence | An independent clause followed by phrases and/or clauses that modify the main clause | 114 | |
| 8454157681 | Periodic Sentence | Begins with phrases and clauses and ends with the independent clause; IC is closest to the period; adds suspense | 115 | |
| 8454456511 | Figures of Repetition | Creates emphasis, clarity, amplification, or emotional effect | 116 | |
| 8454456512 | Alliteration | Repetition of the same sound at the beginning of two or more stressed syllables | 117 | |
| 8454456513 | Anaphora | Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines (opposite of diacope) | 118 | |
| 8454456514 | Assonance | Repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds | 119 | |
| 8454456515 | Asyndeton | Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses. | 120 | |
| 8454456516 | Consonance | Repetition of consonant sounds | 121 | |
| 8454456517 | Diacope | Repetition of a word or phrase after an intervening word or phrase (opposite of anaphora) | 122 | |
| 8454456518 | Epistrophe | Repetition of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses | 123 | |
| 8454456519 | Polyptoton | Repetition of words derived from the same root | 124 | |
| 8454456520 | Polysyndeton | The placement of many conjunctions between words or clauses | 125 | |
| 8454456521 | Figures of Parallelism | Using elements in sentences that are grammatically similar or identical in structure, sound, meaning, or meter | 126 | |
| 8454456522 | Chiasmus | Reversal of grammatical structures in successive clauses or phrases; not word for word reversal | 127 | |
| 8454456523 | Zeugma | A figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses | 128 | |
| 8454456524 | Parallelism | Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words | 129 | |
| 8454456525 | Isocolon | A succession of phrases of approximately equal length and corresponding structure. | 130 | |
| 8454456526 | Antimetabole | Reversal of grammatical structures in successive clauses or phrases; word for word reversal | 131 | |
| 8454456527 | Randies | 132 | ||
| 8454456528 | Enumeratio | A subject divided into parts or details, usually in a list | 133 | |
| 8454456529 | Hypophora | Asking a question and immediately answering it | 134 | |
| 8454456530 | Metonymy | Using a single feature to represent the whole | 135 | |
| 8454456531 | Synecdoche | A type of metaphor where a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa | 136 | |
| 8454456532 | Euphemism | An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant | 137 | |
| 8454456533 | Figures of Contrast | Identifies differences between subjects, places, people, things, or ideas | 138 | |
| 8454456534 | Anastrophe | Inversion of the natural or usual word order; Yoda | 139 | |
| 8454456535 | Juxtaposition | Compares two items side by side; points of ridiculousness of one item | 140 | |
| 8454456536 | Antithesis | Contrasting ideas or words in parallel structure | 141 | |
| 8454456537 | Metaphor | A comparison without using like or as | 142 | |
| 8454456538 | Simile | A comparison using "like" or "as" | 143 | |
| 8454456539 | Personification | A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes | 144 |
