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AP Language Sets A-E Flashcards

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11733346181ALLITERATIONrepetition of the same sound within nearby words; most often, repeated initial consonants0
11733346182APOSTROPHEaddresses an abstraction, an inanimate object, or to the someone not present1
11733346183HYPERBOLEexaggeration for effect2
11733346184MEIOSISunderstatement for effect3
11733346185LITOTESmaking an affirmative point by denying its opposite4
11733346186PERSONIFICATIONgiving human characteristics to non-human things5
11733346187IRONY (verbal and situational)reversal of expectations or speaking in such a way as to imply the contrary of what one says6
11733346188SARCASMa mocking or derogatory statement, usually ironic, directed and intended to hurt another person7
11733346189SATIREliterary genre that uses irony, wit and sometimes sarcasm to expose humanity's vices and foibles, giving impetus to change or reform through ridicule8
11733346190SIMILEcomparing two distinct things by using connective words such as like or as9
11733346191METAPHORidentify one object or idea with another in one or more aspects via representation or substitution10
11733346192METONYMYsubstituting the word in mind with an object closely related to it (White House for President)11
11733346193SYNECDOCHEa part of something is used to represent the whole of something (all hands on deck)12
11733346194ANAPHORArepetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences13
11733346195ANTIMETABOLErepetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order (similar to chiasmus)14
11733346196ANTITHESISbalancing contrasting terms against each other for emphasis15
11733346197ZEUGMAone word is used to mean two different things simultaneously16
11733346198ANASTROPHEreversal of word order to make a point17
11733346199ANTECEDENTthe original noun, noun phrase or clause referred to later in the text by other means (pronouns, metaphors, etc.)18
11733346200APPOSITIVEa noun or noun phrase that further describes a nearby noun or pronoun19
11733346201PHRASEgroup of words without a verb (always dependent on other words to make a complete sentence)20
11733346202CLAUSEgroup of words with a verb (independent clauses are complete sentences; dependent clause require an independent clause to make a complete sentence)21
11733346203SIMPLE SENTENCEsentence containing one independent clause22
11733346204COMPOUND SENTENCEsentence containing multiple independent clauses23
11733346205COMPLEX SENTENCEsentence containing at least one independent and at least one dependent clause24
11733346206FRAGMENTincomplete sentence (can be effective depending on the purpose)25
11733346207SUBORDINATIONthe use of a conjunction to make the meaning of one clause dependent on another clause26
11733346208PASSIVE VOICEwhen the object of the verb is the subject of the sentence. (The homework is read by Sam.)27
11733346209ACTIVE VOICEwhen the subject is doing the action. (Sam reads the homework.)28
11733346222STATUS QUOthe existing condition or state of affairs29
11733346223ACERBICbitter, sharp in taste or temper30
11733346224CRITICALfinding fault31
11733346225CAUSTIC(adj.) able to burn or eat away by chemical action; biting, sarcastic32
11733346226GUISEoutward appearance; false appearance33
11733346227SEMBLANCEa likeness; an outward appearance34
11733346228DISPARAGEregard or represent as being of little worth35
11733346229PROSCRIBEto forbid36
11733346230APHORISMa concise statement of a truth or principle37
11733346231SINE QUA NONan essential or indispensable element or condition38
11733346232AFFLUENTrich; prosperous; wealthy39
11733346233ILLUSORYdeceptive; false; misleading40
11733346234DISPARATEfundamentally different; entirely unlike41
11733346235VINDICATEclear from hint or charge of wrongdoing; to justify42
11733346236APLOMBconfidence without arrogance43
11733346237AUSPICIOUSfavorable; promising44
11733346238HARANGUElong, passionate, ranting speech (diatribe)45
11733346239DISSENTdifference of opinion (implies refusal to assent and/or withholding consent)46
11733346240UBIQUITOUSpresent, appearing, or found everywhere47
11733346241PARADIGMmodel or pattern; worldview, set of shared assumptions, values, etc.48
11733346242TRAVESTYa grotesque or grossly inferior imitation (often unintentional)49
11733346243CREDULOUStoo trusting; gullible50
11733346244UNTENABLEimpossible to defend or justify51
11733346245OPULENTluxurious; grandiose52
11733346246TACITunderstood or implied without being stated53
11733346247COMPUNCTIONa feeling of anxiety caused by regret for doing something wrong or causing pain54
11733346248EXACERBATEto increase the severity; aggravate55
11733346249AMELIORATEto make or become better or improve56
11733346250PLACATEto appease or pacify with concessions57
11733346251ASSUAGEto make milder; relieve; soothe, calm fears or anger58
11733346252VIABLE1. capable of living; 2. useful or effective59
11733346253DENIGRATEto attack the reputation of; to speak ill of60
11733346254VEHEMENTstrongly emotional; intense or passionate61
11733346255DELINEATEto portray in words; describe with precision62
11733346256INUREDmade tough by habitual exposure63
11733346257SALIENTprominent; of notable significance64
11733346258EXTOLto praise, to glorify65
11733346259ENERVATEto weaken; to reduce in vitality66
11733346260LACONICbrief and to the point67
11733346261VERBOSEwordy, long winded68
11733346262CACHETa mark of distinction; prestige69
11733346263ELICITto draw forth, bring out from some source70
11733346264OBSCUREunclear; not well known; partially hidden; hard to understand71
11733346265VISCERALInstinctive rather than rational72
11733346266QUINTESSENTIALthe most typical; ideal73
11733346267ELUCIDATEto clarify, explain74
11733346268FIATan official order, a decree75
11733346269SACROSCANTholy; too sacred to attack (often used ironically)76
11733346270WINDFALLunexpected good fortune77
11733346271ASCETICISMself-restraint; doctrine that claims renunciation of worldly pleasures allows one to achieve a higher spiritual state of being78
11733346210POSTHUMOUSoccurring after a person's death79
11733346211ONUSa difficult obligation, task, burden, responsibility80
11733346212PEJORATIVEhaving a disparaging or belittling effect81
11733346213IMMUTABLEunchangeable82
11733346214RECAPITULATEsummarize briefly83
11733346215CAPITULATEto surrender; to give up resistance84
11733346216PREEMINENTsuperior; surpassing; above or before others85
11733346217SARDONICmocking; cynical; sneering86
11733346272INNATEexisting from birth, inborn87
11733346273DISILLUSIONto disappoint someone by breaking his or her belief in a false ideal88
11733346274GUILEtreacherous cunning, deceit89
11733346275OSTRACIZEexclude from a group, banish, send away90
11733346276IMPUGNto attack as false or questionable91
11733346277IMPUNITYexemption from punishment92
11733346278MITIGATEto make milder or softer, to moderate in force or intensity93
11733346279INCESSANTcontinuing without pause or interruption (seemingly nonstop)94
11733346280VIS A VISin relation to or compared with95
11733346281INSIDIOUSintended to deceive or entrap; sly, treacherous96
11733346282TUMULTUOUSdisturbance and uproar; raising a great clatter and commotion97
11733346283SUBSTANTIATEto support with proof or evidence98
11733346284POLEMICALcontroversial; argumentative99
11733346285EGREGIOUSoutstandingly bad100
11733346286LAMBASTEattack verbally101
11733346287VACUOUSlacking ideas or intelligence; empty102
11733346288VACILLATEwaver; sway indecisively103
11733346218OBSTINATEfirmly and unreasonably adhering to one's purpose, opinion104
11733346219OBDURATEunmoved by persuasion, pity, or tender feelings; unyielding.105
11733346220INGRATIATEgain favor with somebody by deliberate efforts106
11733346221ESOTERICunderstandable by only an enlightened inner circle107
11733346289REPLETEfull; abundant; filled to the brim108
11733346290RIFEprevalent; widespread; common (often negative)109
11733346291REPREHENSIBLEshameful; very bad110
11733346292ENSCONCEto settle securely or snugly; comfortably111
11733346293ENSHROUDto cover; conceal; to enclose with a dark cover112
11733346294TEDIUMdullness; monotony; boredom113
11733346295RESCINDto take back, repeal114
11733346296REFUTEto prove incorrect115
11733346297LAMPOONto ridicule with satire116
11733346298HEDONISMbelief that attainment of pleasure is life's chief aim117
11733346299EPHEMERALshort-lived; fleeting118
11733346300BOMBASTICpompous or pretentious talk or writing119
11733346301OBFUSCATEto confuse; to bewilder120
11733346302DECORUMproper behavior, good taste; orderliness121
11733346303DOGGEDpersistent, stubbornly determined, refusing to give up122
11733346304CURTAILto cut short; end sooner than expected123
11733346305DEGRADEreduce someone's worth or value; step down to a lower position, rank, social status (suggest humiliation)124
11733346306PRESUMPTUOUStoo forward or bold; overstepping proper bounds125
11733346307PROPENSITYa natural inclination or tendency126
11733346308PENCHANTa strong inclination or liking127
11733346309INEPTunskilled; clumsy; incompetent128

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