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AP Language Summer Vocabulary Flashcards

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14878794912AllusionA reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art0
14878805946Ambiguousopen to more than one interpretation; unclear or doubtful in meaning1
14878814473AnalogyA comparison of two different things that are similar in some way2
14878822518Anaphorarepetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines3
14878826740Anecdotea short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person4
14878856887AntimetaboleRepetition of words in reverse order5
14878864839Antithesisthe direct opposite, a sharp contrast6
14878869894AphorismA brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life.7
14878879359Appealsethos, logos, pathos8
14878886261Argumenta statement of the meaning or main point of a literary work9
14878909471Asyndetonomission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words10
14878926586Chiasmusa rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form11
14878934955Connotationan idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.12
14878945754CounterargumentA challenge to a position; an opposing argument13
14878958340Deductive Reasoningreasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)14
14878962195DenotationThe dictionary definition of a word15
14878964890DictionA writer's or speaker's choice of words16
14878971801Ellipsisthree periods (...) indicating the omission of words in a thought or quotation17
14878975824Ethosthe credibility of the speaker; refers to any element of an argument that is meant to appeal to an audience's ethics or ethical responsibilities. A writer utilizes the three appeals in order to convince his audience of his argument.18
14878994481EuphemismAn indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant19
14878998664Ironythe expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.20
14879007881Fallacy(n.) a false notion or belief; an error in thinking21
14879016210Inductive ReasoningA type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations.22
14879019126IsocolonParallel structure in which the parallel elements are similar not only in grammatical structure, but also in length23
14879030361JuxtapositionPlacement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts24
14879034524Logosan appeal based on logic or reason; a literary device that can be described as a statement, sentence, or argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic25
14879044559Parallel Structurerepetition of the same pattern of words or phrases within a sentence or passage to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance.26
14879047867ParadoxA statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.27
14879053934Pathosappeal to emotion, and is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response; a quality of an experience in life, or a work of art, that stirs up emotions of pity, sympathy, and sorrow. Pathos can be expressed through words, pictures, or even with gestures of the body. ... Pathos is a method of convincing people with an argument drawn out through an emotional response.28
14879065030Polysyndetonthe use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural29
14879070992RepititionRepeating a word, phrase, or idea for emphasis or rhythmic effect30
14879075924Rhetorical Questionsa question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer.31
14879083082Rhetorical Situationa situation in which people's understanding can be changed through messages32
14879089827Rhetorical TriangleA diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text.33
14879095688Sarcasmthe use of irony to mock or convey contempt34
14879099106SatireA literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.35
14879105256SyllogismA form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.36
14879107835SyntaxThe arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.37
14879107877Synthesiscombining parts into a whole; to combine two or more elements to form a new whole. In the literature review, the "elements" are the findings of the literature you gather and read; the "new whole" is the conclusion you draw from those findings38
14879119306ToneA writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels.39

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