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AP Language: Syntax Terms Flashcards

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5182412514Simple SetenceA sentence with only one independent clause (1 subject + 1 predicate)0
5182420857Compound Sentence-A sentence that contains at least two independent clauses -Constructed w/coordinating conjunctions, or semicolon/colon (1+ subjects + 1+ predicates)1
5182443669Complex SentenceA sentence with one independent clause and subordinate clause w/subordinating conjunction2
5182453446Compound-complex sentenceA sentence with two or more coordinating independent clauses and at least one dependent clause3
5182469012Subjectthe part of a sentence or clause that commonly indicates what it is about, or who or what performs the action4
5182479739Predicateone of the two main parts of a sentence or clause, modifying the subject and including the verb, objects, or phrases governed by the verb (can be a verb or verb phrase)5
5182484151Declarative-A sentence in the form of a statement -Subject precedes the verb -Ends with a "."6
5182504603Interrogative-A sentence that of sentence that asks a question. -Inversion of the subject and predicate: verb precedes subject -Ends with a "?"7
5182537910Exclamatory-A sentence that expresses strong feelings by making an exclamation -Usually ends with a "!"8
5182545383Imperative-A sentences that gives advice or instructions or that expresses a request or command. -Typically begins with the base form of a verb -Understood "You" -Usually ends with "." or "!"9
5182580200Natural OrderSubject comes before the predicate in a sentence.10
5182593368Inverted OrderPredicate comes before the verb11
5182594877Loose (cumulative sentences)The main clause (independent clause) is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases. -The main point comes early in the sentence12
5182608237Periodic Sentence-A sentence which has been deliberately structured to place the main point at the end -A sentence that is not complete until the last clause13
5182631107Juxtaposition-Placing of verbal elements side by side, leaving it up to the reader to establish connections and discover or impose a meaning. -Normally unassociated words/phrases that are placed next to each other14
5182640710Parallel StructureSimilar grammatical structure between parts of a sentence15
5182647220Rhetorical QuestionA question asked merely for effect with no answer expected.16
5182652656Rhetorical FragmentA sentence fragment used for persuasive emphasis17
5182659770Elliptical ConstructionThe omission of a word or words in a sentence It refers to constructions in which words are left out of a sentence but the sentence can still be understood.18
5182669061Balanced Sentencea sentence made up of two parts that are roughly equal in length, importance, and grammatical structure,19
5182685584Convoluted SentenceA sentence that is characterized by excessive detail, needless repetition, and outlandish figures of speech20
5182693183Centered StructureA sentence where the main clause occupies the middle of the sentence in between two subordinate clauses21
5182714558RepetitionWhen words/phrases are repeated to enhance rhythm or create emphasis22
5182717048TelegraphicA sentence with shorter than five words23
5182718272ShortA sentence with about five words24
5182718984MediumA sentence with about 18 words25
5182720516Long (involved)A sentence with 30 words or more26
5182721408Sentence OpenersAdverbial Clauses, Prepositional Phrases, Verbal Phrases27
5182723045Adverbial ClauseA dependent clause that functions as an adverb (contains Subject + predicate)28
5182729384Prepositional PhraseA modifying phrase with preposition + object of preposition29
5182732359Verbal PhraseA form of a verb that functions as another part of speech. 1. Participles 2. Gerunds 3. Infintives30
5752452566Simple, telegraphic, short sentencesTypically used in non-formal/causal writing31
5752462517Repetition and parallel structureTypically used to create emphasis or rhythm32
5752471374Balanced sentences and parallel structureTypically used to make writing/ideas cohesive33
5752485581JuxtapositionTypically used to highlight the contrast between two items and compare them for suspense/surprise or rhetoric effect34
5752496292Rhetorical fragmentTypically used to create emphasis or persuade35
5752516613Rhetorical QuestionWriters typically use this in order to use the audience's logic to help the writer persuade the audience of their argument36
5752521085Loose or cumulative sentenceExample: -I found a large hall, obviously a former garage, dimly lit, and packed with cots. (Eric Hoffer) -I knew I had found a friend in the woman, who herself was a lonely soul, never having known the love of man or child. (Emma Goldman)37
5752531363Periodic sentenceExample: -"In the almost incredibly brief time which it took the small but sturdy porter to roll a milk-can across the platform and bump it, with a clang, against other milk-cans similarly treated a moment before, Ashe fell in love." -"To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men, that is genius.38
5752542359JuxatpositionExample: -"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness" -Do not go gentle into that good night. -It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night Like a rich jewel in an Ethiope's ear;"39
5752774420Rhetorical question-"Must I argue the wrongfulness of slavery? -If practice makes perfect, and no one's perfect, then why practice?"40
5752575449Rhetorical fragmentExample: -"All I saw was darkness. Oppressive darkness. Darkness that swallowed everything," -"See, a marriage needs love. And God. And a little money."41
5752827295Elliptical sentenceExample: -You are just as good at golfing. -Johnny ate an apple and I did too.42
5752837266Balanced sentenceExample: -"If you've got the time, we've got the beer." -"Life is a comedy to those who think, a tragedy to those who feel."43

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