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AP Language Terms Flashcards

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4783980514Moodthe overall atmosphere created by the setting, the events, and the narrator0
4783980515Attitudethe feeling the author holds toward the character, events or situation he is relating to the audience1
4783980516Tonethe verbal stance the author assumes toward the reader and his subject as reflect in his "voice"2
4783980517Dictionattention to individual word choices3
4783980518Syntaxattention to the arrangement of sentences4
4783980519Schemesclassic rhetoric provides us with a list of terms referring to the shapes of sentences5
4783980520Stylethe way a writer presents content6
4783980521Antithesisjuxtaposition of opposites, often in parallel structure7
4783980522Syllogismchain of reasoning (logos) moving from general, universal principles to specific instances8
4783980523Rogerian Argumenttraditional argument seeks all-out victory - try to find mutually acceptable solutions to problems9
4783980524Rhetorical Contextbackground or situation to which a persuasive message is addressed10
4783980525Visual Argument / Visual Rhetoricuse of visual elements in an argument11
4783980526Ethoscredibility12
4783980527Logoslogic13
4783980528Pathosemotion14
4783980529Abstract languageused to denote ideas and qualities rather than observable things, people, or places15
4783980530Allusionbriefly refers to an event, book, myth, place, or work of art that the reader is expected to recognize16
4783980531Ambiguitymultiple meanings of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage implying that several meanings could potentially be correct17
4783980532Analogysimilarity or comparison between two different things to show the relationship between them18
4783980533Anecdotea brief recounting of a relevant episode, frequently personal or biographical and often to inject humor into writing19
4783980534Antonyma word opposite in meaning to another word20
4783980535Aphorisma terse statement of known authorship that expresses a general truth or moral principle21
4783980536Clicheoverused expression22
4783980537Colloquialismemploys emotions generally appropriate for conversations and informal writing (ex: kind of, um, kids)23
4783980538Concrete languagedenote objects or qualities that the senses can perceive24
4783980539Euphemismreplaces a more agreeable or polite term for a generally unpleasant concept (ex: "passed away" instead of "died")25
4783980540Extended metaphora comparison is developed at length and occurring frequently throughout a work26
4783980541Hyperboledeliberate exaggeration or overstatement for emphasis or humorous effect27
4783980542Jargonspecialized vocabulary of a profession or academic field28
4783980543Meiosis / Understatementironically minimizes a fact for humor or emphasis29
4783980544Declarative sentencestatement30
4783980545Imperative sentencecommand31
4783980546Interrogative sentencequestion32
4783980547Exclamatory sentencestrong emotion33
4783980548Sexist languagestereotypes people according to sex34
4783980549Slangemploys informal words that have meanings which vary from locale or change as time passes35
4783980550Synonym(unreal) word with the same basic meaning as another36
4783980551Imagerya set of verbal pictures of sensory experiences, arouses emotions, and represents abstractions37
4783980552Apostrophedirectly addresses an absent or imaginary person, a personified abstraction, or sometimes an inanimate object to create an effect of emotional intensity or familiarity38
4783980553Atmospherecreated by the entirety of a literary work which a writer establishes by choosing objects and a setting that contain certain emotion39
4783980554Figures of speech / Figurative Languageimaginative language that suggests a special meaning or create a special effect40
4783980555Metaphorcompares or implies comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things, often substituting one for the other (no "like" or "as")41
4783980556Metonymyone object is associated for that of another closely associated with it (ex: baseball player calls his bat an ax)42
4783980557Onomatopoeianatural sounds are imitated in the sounds of the words representing them43
4783980558Personificationendows concepts, animals, or inanimate objects with human attributes to create a vivid effect44
4783980559Similecomparing two dissimilar things using "like" or "as"45
4783980560Symbol / symbolisma concrete person, event, or object stands for something more abstract than its literal meaning46
4783980561Synecdochea part of something stands for the whole (ex: farm worker is referred to as a "hand")47
4783980562Toneauthor's attitude to his or her material, the audience, or both48
4783980563Caricaturea grotesque likeness of striking characteristics in a person or thing49
4783980564Homilyliterally a sermon, but may include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice50
4783980565Humorcreates the effect of comedy and is intended to make light of serious topics51
4783980566Invectiveemotionally violent verbal denunciation using strong, abusive language52
4783980567Ironyreflects a discrepancy between two levels of meaning and effect that reveals a contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant53
4783980568Verbal ironywhat is stated is opposite its meaning54
4783980569Situational ironya disconnect between an expected outcome and an actual occurrence55
4783980570Dramatic ironya reader understands more in a story than the character living/telling the story56
4783980571Parablea brief story which conveys a lesson57
4783980572Personaa fictional voice adopted by a writer which is used to tell a story58
4783980573Sarcasmdeliberate injection of insincere, biting irony, and caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule59
4783980574Alliterationrepeats the initial consonant sound in two or more neighboring words60
4783980575Anaphorarepetition of the same word or group of words in successive clauses61
4783980576Assonancerepeating a vowel sound within two or more words62
4783980577Asyndetoncommas are used with no conjunction to separate a series or words, emphasizing the parts equally and speeding up the flow of the sentence (ex: X, Y, Z instead of X, Y, and Z)63
4783980578Balanced sentenceboth halves of a sentence are about the same length and importance64
4783980579Chiasmustwo opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses are balanced in a sentence because the ideas in the first clause are reversed by those in the second65
4783980580Complex Sentencehas an independent clause and one or more subordinate/dependent clauses66
4783980581Compound sentencetwo independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction or semicolon67
4783980582Compound-complex sentencetwo independent clauses and one or more subordinate/dependent clauses68
4783980583Consonancea consonant sound is repeated within two or more words in close proximity69
4783980584Inverted syntax/ordernormal word order is reversed to achieve emphasis or a rhythmic effect by placing the predicate before the subject (think Yoda)70
4783980585Loose/cumulative sentencethe main idea (independent clause) is followed by dependent phrases and clauses71
4783980586Natural syntax/orderthe subject appears before the predicate72

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