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AP Language Terms Flashcards

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5791199595AlliterationThe repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables0
5791307282AllusionAn indirect reference, often to another text or historical event1
5791307283AnalogyAn extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things2
5791307284AnaphoraThe repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses3
5791307285AnecdoteA short account of an interesting event4
5791199596AnnotationExplanitory or critical notes added to a text5
5791199597AntecedentThe noun to which a later pronoun refers6
5791199598AntimetaboleThe repetition of words in inverted order to sharpen a contrast7
5791199599AntithesisParallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas8
5791199600AphorismA short, astute statement of a general truth9
5791199601AppositiveA word or phrase that renames a noun or pronoun10
5791199602Archaic DictionThe use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language11
5791199603ArgumentA statement put forth and supported by evidence12
5791199604Arostotelian TriangleA diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see rhetorical triangle)13
5791199605AssertionAn emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument14
5791199606AssumptionA belief or statement taken for granted without proof15
5791199607AsyndetonLeaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses16
5791199608AttitudeThe speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone17
5791199609AudienceOne's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed18
5791199610AuthorityA reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge19
5791199611BiasPredjudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue20
5791199612CiteIdentifying a part of a piece of writing and being derived from a source21
5791199613ClaimAn assertion, usually supported by evidence22
5791199614Close ReadingA careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary and other literary and structural elements of a text23
5791199615Colloqiual/ismAn informal or conversational use of language24
5791307286Common GroundShared beliefs, values, and/or opinions25
5791307287Complex SentenceA sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause26
5791307288ConcessionA reluctant acknowledgement or yielding27
5791307289ConotationThat which is implied by a word, as opposed to a word's literal meaning28
5791307290ContextWords, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning29
5791307291CoordinationGrammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but30
5791307292CounterargumentA challenge to a position; an opposing argument31
5791307293Cumulative SentenceAn independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional details32
5791307294Declarative SentenceA sentence that makes a sentence33
5791307295DeductionReasoning from general to specific34
5791307296DenotationThe literal meaning of of a word; its dictionary definition35
5791307297DictionWord choice36
5791352638DocumentationBibliorgraphic information about the sources used in a piece of writing37
5791352639ElegiacMournful over what had passed or been lost; often used to describe a tone38
5791352640EpigramA brief witty statement39
5791352641EthosA greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three eomtional appeals40
5791352642Figurative LanguageThe use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect41
5791352643Figure of SpeechAn expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning42
5791352644HyperboleExageration for the purpose of emphasis43
5791352645ImageryVivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing)44
5791352646ImperativeA sentence that requests or demands45
5791352647InductionReasoning from specific to general46
5791352648InversionA sentence in which the verb precedes the subject47
5791352649IronyA contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result48
5791352650JuxtapositionPlacement of two things side-by-side for emphasis49
5791352651LogosA greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals50
5791352652MetaphorA figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as if it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison51
5791352653MetonymyUse of an aspect of something to represent a whole52
5791352654OccasionAn aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing53
5791352655OxymoronA figure of speech that combines two contradicting terms54
5791352656ParadoxA statement that seems contradictory but is actually true55
5791352657ParallelismThe reputation of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns56
5791352658ParodyA piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another, for comic effect or ridicule57
5791352659PathosA greek term that refers to suffering, but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals58
5791352660PersonaThe speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing59
5791352661PersonificationAssigning lofelike characteristics to inatimate objects60
5791352662PolemicAn argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics or religion61
5791352663PolysyndetonThe deliberate use of a series of conjunctions62
5791352664PremiseMajor/minor: two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise, and its subject from the minor premise. Major: All mammals are warm-blooded Minor: All horses are mammals Conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded63
5791401152PropagandaA negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information64
5791401153PurposeOne's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing65
5791401154RefuteTo discredit an argument, especially a counterargument66
5791401155RhetoricThe study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle uses the "available means of persuasion"67
5791401156Rhetorical ModePatterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation68
5791401157Rhetorical QuestionThe question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer69
5791401158Rhetorical TriangleA diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience70
5791401159SatireAn ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it71
5791401160SchemeA pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect72
5791401161Sentence PatternsThe arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions—such as simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex73
5791401162Sentence VarietyUsing a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect74
5791401163SimileUsing "like" or "as" to compare to unlike things75
5791401164Simple SentenceA statement containing a subject or predicate; an independent clause76
5791401165SourceA book, article, person, or another resource consulted for information77
5791401166SpeakerA term used for the author, speaker, or person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing78
5791401167Straw ManA logical fallacy that involved the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, than attacking an opponent's position79
5791401168StyleThe distinctive quality of a speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figure of speech80
5791401169SubjectIn rhetoric, the topics addressed by a piece of writing81
5791401170Subordinate ClauseCreated by subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause82
5791401171SubordinationThe dependence of of one syntactical element on another in a sentence83
5791401172SyllogismThe form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise84
5791401173SyntaxSentence structure85
5791401174SynthesizeCombining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more toxic86
5791401175ThesisThe central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer87
5791401176Thesis StatementA statement of the central idea in a work, maybe explicit or implicit88
5791401177ToneThe speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience89
5791401178Topic SentenceA sentence, most often at the beginning of the paragraph that announces the paragraph idea and often unites it with the work's thesis90
5791401179TropeArtful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech91
5791401180UnderstatementLack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect92
5791401181VoiceIn grammer, the relationship between a verb and noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing93
5791401182ZeugmaA constructive in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs - often in different, sometimes incongruent ways - two or more words in a sentence94

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