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AP Language Terms Flashcards

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4352800307Ad hominem1. Appealing to prejudice and emotion rather than to reason. 2. Attacking the character, motives, etc. of an opponent rather than debating the issue on logical grounds.0
4352800308Allegory1. A story in which people, things, and happenings have a hidden or symbolic meaning1
4352800309AlliterationThe repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words (as in "she sells sea shells")2
4352801582AllusionA direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work or art.3
4352801583AmbiguityThe multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.4
4352801584AnalogyA similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them.5
4352803036Antecedentthe word, phrase or clause referred to by a pronoun.6
4352803037AntithesisAn opposition or contrast of ideas that is often expressed in balanced phrases or clauses. "Whereas he was boisterous, I was reserved."7
4352803038Aphorisma terse statement of known authorship, which expresses a general truth or moral principle (If the authorship is unknown, the statement is generally considered to be a folk proverb.)8
4352803039ApostropheA figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.9
4352803046ApotheosisWhen a character or a thing is elevated to such a high status that it appears godlike.10
4352804338AppositivePhrase that follows a noun or pronoun for emphasis or clarity. Appositives are usually set off by commas.11
4352804339AssonanceA type of internal rhyming in which vowel sounds are repeated.12
4352804340AsyndetonWhen the conjunctions (such as and or but) that would normally connect a string of words, phrases, or clauses are omitted from a sentence.13
4352805756AtmosphereThe emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described.14
4352805757AttitudeThe feeling of a particular speaker or a piece of writing toward a subject, person, or idea.15
4352805758BathosFalse or forced emotion that is often humorous. Opposite of Pathos16
4352805759ClauseA grammatical unit that contains a subject and a verb.17
4352806884ConnotationThe non-literal, associative meaning of a word18
4352806885ContrastWriters often use contracts, or oppositions, to elaborate ideas.19
4352806886DenotationThe strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude or color.20
4352808343DictionWriter's word choice21
4352808344DidacticWords that have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles.22
4352809782ElegiacA work (of music, literature, dance, or art) that expresses sorrow. It mourns the loss of something, such as the death of a loved one.23
4352809783EthosCharacteristic spirit, person, or ideal that informs a work.24
4352809784Euphemisma more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts. \25
4352809785Extended MetaphorA comparison developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work26
4352811818ExpositionRefers to beginning of writing or speech that is organized to explain.27
4352811819FictionWorks that have been imagined or create28
4421057488Figurative Language29
4352813267Figure of SpeechA device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. Figures of speech include, for example, apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, metonymy, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synecdoche, and understatement.30
4352813268ForeshadowingA purposeful hint placed in a work of literature to suggest what may occur later in the narrative. For instance, a seemingly unrelated scene in a mystery story that focuses on a special interest of the detective may actually foreshadow the detective's use of that expertise in solving the mystery.31
4352813269Genre: The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama.32
4352814755GrammarA set of rules that specify how a given language is used effectively33
4352814756HyperboleA figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement34
4352814757ImageryThe sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions.35
4352814758Irony/IronicThe contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant; the difference between what appears to be and what actually is true.36
4352816727JuxtapositionWhen two contrasting things—ideas, words, or sentence elements—are placed next to each other for comparison,37
4352816728LogosRefers to the use of reason as a controlling principle in an argument.38
4352816729Metaphora figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity39
4352816730Metonymythe name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. A news release that claims "the White House declared" rather than "the President declared"40
4352816731MoodSpeaker's Attitude41
4352818175OnomatopoeiaA figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words.42
4352818176Overviewa brief summary of a whole work43
4352818982Oxymorona figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest paradox44
4352818983PacingA speed of a story's action, dialogue, or narration45
4352818984ParadoxA statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense, but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.46
4352818985ParallelismIt refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity.47
4352820239ParodyA work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.48
4352820240Pathosa sympathetic feeling of pity or compassion evoked by an artistic work.49
4352820241PersonA grammatical tern that describes the relationship of a writer or speaker to an audience by examining the pronouns that are used.50
4352820242PersonaCharacter created by the voice and narration of the speaker of a text51
4352820243PersonificationA figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.52
4352820256Point of Viewthe perspective from which a story is told53
4352821932PunA play on words54
4352821933RepetitionThe duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern55
4352821934Rhetoricthis term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.56
4352823374Rhetorical/Stylistic Devicesspecific language tools that an author uses to carry out a rhetorical strategy, and thus achieve a purpose for writing.57
4352823375Rhetoric Modesthis flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing.58
4352824858Rhetorical QuestionA question that is asked merely for effect and does not expect a reply59
4352824859Rhetorical Strategythe way an author organizes words, sentences, and overall argument in order to achieve a discussion of how this term fits into a broader picture of rhetoric60
4352824860Satire: A work that targets human vices and follies, or social institutions and conventions, for reform or ridicule.61
4352826522Selection of DetailThe specific words, incidents, images, or events the author uses to create a scene or narrative are referred to as the selection of detail.62
4352826523Similean explicit comparison, normally using like, as, or if.63
4352826524Speakerthe narrator of the story, poem, or drama64
4352827934StyleAn evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices65
4352827935Strategythe way an author organizes words, sentences, and overall argument in order to achieve a particular purpose.66
4352827936Syllogisma deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises-the first one called "major" and the second "minor"- that inevitable lead to a sound conclusion.67
4352828834Symbol/Symbolismanything that represents or stands for something else68
4352830280SynonymA word that has the same, or nearly the same meaning as another word69
4352830281SyntaxThe way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences70
4352830282Tensiona work of literature, is a feeling of excitement and expectation the reader or the audience feels because of conflict, mood, or atmosphere.71
4352830283TextureDescribes the way the elements of a work of prose or poetry are joined together. It suggests an association with the style of the author72
4352830284ThemeThe central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life73
4352831526Thesisa proposition maintained or defended in argument74
4352831527ToneThe author's attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both75
4352831528UnderstatementThe ironic minimalizing of fact;76
4352831529VoieHow the speaker of literary work presents him or herself to the reader determines that speaker's unique voice.77
4352831723Zeugmaa particular breech of sense in a sentence. It occurs when a word is used with two adjacent words in the same construction, but only makes literal sense with one of them.78

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