Terms : Hide Images
| 14581830154 | Ad Hominem | a fallacy that discredits someone's argument by attacking them personally rather than the issue. | 0 | |
| 14581830155 | Ad populum | "Everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do." Also known as bandwagon. | 1 | |
| 14581830156 | Alliteration | When the same letter or sound repeats closely within a group of words. | 2 | |
| 14581830157 | Example of alliteration | She sells sea shells by the sea shore. | 3 | |
| 14581830158 | Allusion | A reference to another work of literature, person, or event. / Hinting at something, not mentioning it explicitly. | 4 | |
| 14581830159 | Analogy | Comparing two things that are different but finding similarities for the purpose of explanation. | 5 | |
| 14581830160 | Example of analogy | Life is like a box of chocolates. | 6 | |
| 14581830161 | Anaphoria | Repeating a sequence of words to emphasize them. | 7 | |
| 14581830162 | Example of anaphoria | We shall fight in the hills, we shall fight on the fields, we shall fight with strength. | 8 | |
| 14581830163 | Anecdote | A short, amusing story or tale about a real person or event. | 9 | |
| 14581830164 | Annotation | A short note added onto a piece of text used to comment on or explain said text. | 10 | |
| 14581830165 | Antimetabole | When a phrase is repeated in reverse. | 11 | |
| 14581830166 | Example of antimetabole | Think and wonder. Wonder and think. | 12 | |
| 14581830167 | Antithesis | Using two opposites in a sentence for contrasting effect. | 13 | |
| 14581830168 | Example of antithesis | One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. | 14 | |
| 14581830169 | Appeal to false authority | Using an authority figure in an argument when the figure doesn't have authority with facts in the specific argument. | 15 | |
| 14581830170 | Example of appeal to false authority | My doctor says the earth is flat, and doctors are smart, so he must be correct. | 16 | |
| 14581830171 | Archaic diction | The use of outdated or old fashioned words. | 17 | |
| 14581830172 | Example of archaic diction | Shalt, maketh, thou | 18 | |
| 14581830173 | Artistotelian Triangle | A diagram that shows the 3 main elements of persuasion. Includes Logos (logic), Pathos (emotion), and Ethos (ethic). | 19 | |
| 14581830174 | Assertion | A confident or forceful statement of fact or belief. | 20 | |
| 14581830175 | Assumption | Something that is assumed as true with no proof. | 21 | |
| 14581830176 | Asydeton | A series of words without conjunctions in between. | 22 | |
| 14581830177 | Example of asydeton | I came, I saw, I conquered. | 23 | |
| 14581830178 | Audience | The listeners, viewers, or readers likely to give attention to something. | 24 | |
| 14581830179 | Background | The circumstances or situation prevailing a certain event. | 25 | |
| 14581830180 | Backing | Support or explanation in an argument. | 26 | |
| 14581830181 | Begging the question | Repeating a claim itself as evidence to support the claim. | 27 | |
| 14581830182 | Example of begging the question | The soul does not die because the soul lives forever. | 28 | |
| 14581830183 | Circular reasoning | Using a claim itself as evidence to support the claim, creating a paradox. Similar to begging the question. | 29 | |
| 14581830184 | Claim | A statement, usually supported by evidence | 30 | |
| 14581830185 | Claim of fact | A statement that can be proven by facts and evidence. | 31 | |
| 14581830186 | Claim of policy | A statement claiming a policy should be put in place. Keywords: "should" or "must" | 32 | |
| 14581830187 | Example of claim of policy | A dress code should be enforced for high school students. | 33 | |
| 14581830188 | Claim of value | A statement that makes an opinionated judgement. (Is something good or bad? Right or wrong?) | 34 | |
| 14581830189 | Example of claim of value | Country music sucks. | 35 | |
| 14581830190 | Classical oration | A classic five-part argument structure. | 36 | |
| 14581830192 | Complex sentence | A sentence that has one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. | 37 | |
| 14581830193 | Example of complex sentence | She was happy she got a part in the play, even though it was a small one. | 38 | |
| 14581830194 | Composition | A piece of writing and how it's put together. | 39 | |
| 14581830195 | Compound sentence | A sentence with two or more independent clauses. Similar to a complex sentence, expect each half of the sentence must be able to stand on it's own as a complete sentence. | 40 | |
| 14581830196 | Example of compound sentance | They got there really early, and they got good seats. | 41 | |
| 14581830197 | Concession | Acknowledging the other side of the argument before presenting. | 42 | |
| 14581830198 | Confirmation | Elaborating on and verifying an argument. | 43 | |
| 14581830199 | Connotation | Associating a word with certain emotions or ideas. | 44 | |
| 14581830200 | Context | The circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood and assessed. | 45 | |
| 14581830201 | Counterargument | An argument developed to counter someone else's. | 46 | |
| 14581830202 | Counterargument thesis | A thesis statement for a counterargument. | 47 | |
| 14585926502 | Cumulative sentance | A sentence that starts with a main idea (independent clause) and then adds onto it (modified clauses). | 48 | |
| 14598637306 | Deduction | A conclusion made from inferences. | 49 | |
| 14598637307 | Diction | The choice of words and phrases used in speech or writing. | 50 | |
| 14598637308 | Either/Or (false dilemma) | When only two extreme options are presented as the only possible choices. | 51 | |
| 14604251813 | Enthymeme | When a premise is left unstated in an argument. | 52 | |
| 14604251814 | Equivocation | Using a word in a different way than the author used it in the original premise. | 53 | |
| 14604251815 | Example of equivocation | Make the yuletides gay? Sexuality has nothing to do with Christmas. | 54 | |
| 14604251816 | Ethos | Part of the Rhetoric Triangle that represents the ethics, credibility, and morals of the persuader. | 55 | |
| 14604251817 | Exordium | The beginning or introduction to something. | 56 | |
| 14604251818 | Fallacy | An error in reasoning leading to an unfair argument. | 57 | |
| 14617351081 | Faulty analogy | When an analogy compares two things that are not comparable. | 58 | |
| 14617351082 | Figurative language | Language that is not supposed to be taken literally. Usually includes the use of metaphors, personification, etc. | 59 | |
| 14617351083 | First-hand evidence | Evidence based on the author's personal experience, observations, or general knowledge. | 60 | |
| 14617351084 | Focus | The central point of an argument or idea. | 61 | |
| 14617351085 | Foreground | A part of an argument or idea that is emphasized most to the audience. | 62 | |
| 14617351086 | Framing | A story within a story that uses one to frame the other. | 63 | |
| 14617351087 | Hasty generalization | When an argument uses an irrelevant, small sample of a statistic as evidence. | 64 | |
| 14617351088 | Example of hasty generalization | Only 10% of dentists overall recommend Smile Toothpaste. However, all 5 dentists at Smile Dental recommend it, so we will say "5 out of 5 dentists recommend Smile Toothpaste." | 65 | |
| 14617351089 | Hortative sentence | A sentence that encourages action. | 66 | |
| 14617351090 | Example of hortative sentence | Just try it at least once! | 67 | |
| 14617351091 | Hyperbole | An exaggerated statement not meant to be taken literally. | 68 | |
| 14617351092 | Example of hyperbole | I'm so hungry I could eat a horse. | 69 | |
| 14618045242 | Imagery | Vivid and detailed language that paints an image. | 70 | |
| 14618045243 | Imparative sentence | A sentence that commands or requests something. | 71 | |
| 14618045244 | Induction | A conclusion that is based off facts, but generalizes the situation. | 72 | |
| 14618045245 | Example of induction | I got coffee once at Cafe East and it was horrible, so all of their coffee must be horrible. | 73 | |
| 14626693332 | Inversion | Inverting the order of words in a sentence. ( Essentially, talking like Yoda) | 74 | |
| 14626693333 | Example of inversion | What a beautiful picture it is! | 75 | |
| 14626693334 | Irony | A contrast between expectation and reality. | 76 | |
| 14626693335 | Juxtaposition | The placement of two things closely together to compare or contrast. | 77 | |
| 14626693336 | Example of juxtaposition | Calm and chaos. | 78 | |
| 14629188770 | Line | A group of words in a passage arranged in a row. | 79 | |
| 14629188771 | Logos | Part of the Rhetoric Triangle that represents the logic of the persuader. | 80 | |
| 14629188772 | Metaphor | A comparison that doesn't use "like" or "as". | 81 | |
| 14629188773 | Metonymy | Substituting the name of something for something else closely associated with it. | 82 | |
| 14629188774 | Example of metonymy | "The White House declared..." rather than "The President declared..." | 83 | |
| 14629188775 | Modifier | A word/words that give more description and detail to the main subject (by "modifying"). | 84 | |
| 14629188776 | Mood | The feeling and atmosphere in a piece of text. | 85 | |
| 14629188777 | Nominilization | The process of changing a verb into a noun. | 86 | |
| 14629188778 | Example of nominalization | Argue → Argument | 87 | |
| 14629188779 | Occasion | The time, place, and circumstances a piece of text takes place in. | 88 | |
| 14629188780 | Open thesis | A thesis statement that doesn't go into specifics and leaves the essay open to touch on other topics. | 89 | |
| 14629188781 | Oxymoron | A statement that contradicts itself. | 90 | |
| 14629188782 | Example of oxymoron | A known secret. | 91 | |
| 14629188783 | Paradox | a statement that contradicts itself but is still true somehow, creating a dilemma. | 92 | |
| 14632050043 | Parallelism | Similarity of structure in two or more clauses. | 93 | |
| 14632600793 | Pathos | Part of the Rhetoric Triangle that represents the emotions of the persuader. | 94 | |
| 14632600794 | Periodic sentance | A sentence that has it's main clause at the end. | 95 | |
| 14632600795 | Example of periodic sentance | With low taxes, beautiful views, friendly people, and a mild climate, this city is a great place to live. | 96 | |
| 14632600796 | Peroration | The concluding part of a speech, typically intended to inspire enthusiasm. | 97 | |
| 14632718390 | Persona | An individual's personality that is presented to others. | 98 | |
| 14644249720 | Personification | Giving an animal, object, or idea a human form. | 99 | |
| 14644249721 | Polemic | An aggressive attack against a specific opinion. | 100 | |
| 14644249722 | Polysyndeton | The use of many conjunctions close together. | 101 | |
| 14644249723 | Example of polysyndeton | He ran and jumped and laughed and screamed. | 102 | |
| 14644344807 | Post hoc ergo propter hoc | Latin for "after this, therefore because of this." A fallacy that draws a conclusion from something that is not related. | 103 | |
| 14644344808 | Example of post hoc ergo propter hoc | I drank bottled water and now I'm sick, so the water must have made me sick. | 104 | |
| 14644344809 | Propaganda | Information, usually biased or misleading, spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause. | 105 | |
| 14644344810 | Purpose | The author's intention or objective in a piece of writing. | 106 | |
| 14644344811 | Qualified argument | When a side of an argument adds information and develops a stronger case along the way. | 107 | |
| 14644539406 | Qualifier | A word that limits or enhances the meaning of another word. | 108 | |
| 14644539407 | Examples of qualifiers | Always, usually, somewhat | 109 | |
| 14644539408 | Qualitative evidence | Data about qualities, usually that can't be measured with numbers and is found by observation. | 110 | |
| 14644539409 | Example of qualitative evidence | The softness of your skin. | 111 | |
| 14644539410 | Quantitative evidence | Data about statistics or numbers that can be cited or measured. | 112 | |
| 14644539411 | Rebuttal | A counterargument that fires back to the opposing side. | 113 | |
| 14644539412 | Red herring | A distracting or misleading point that draws attention away from the main issue. | 114 | |
| 14644539413 | Reservation | A limiting condition. | 115 | |
| 14644784186 | Rhetoric | The art of persuasive speaking or writing. | 116 | |
| 14644784187 | Rhetorical appeals | The three parts of the rhetorical triangle - Ethos, logos, and pathos. | 117 | |
| 14649911324 | Rhetorical question | A question asked for rhetorical effect not meant to actually be answered. | 118 | |
| 14649911325 | Rogerian argument | An argument looking to find common ground and a solution rather than a debate that has a "winner" and "loser". | 119 | |
| 14649911326 | Satire | The use of ironic, often exaggerated humor to ridicule. | 120 | |
| 14649911327 | Scheme | The construction of a rhetorical sentence. | 121 | |
| 14649947730 | Second-hand evidence | Evidence based on the author's research and investigation. | 122 | |
| 14649947732 | Similie | A comparison that uses "like" or "as". | 123 | |
| 14653563591 | Example of simile | As brave as a lion. | 124 | |
| 14653563592 | SOAPS | An acronym that stands for Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Speaker. | 125 | |
| 14653563593 | Speaker | The author, speaker, or the person whose perspective is being used in a piece of writing. | 126 | |
| 14653563594 | Stance | A person's position or attitude towards a topic. | 127 | |
| 14653563595 | Straw man fallacy | Ignoring the actual point of the opposing argument and attacking a false version of it that wasn't even presented. | 128 | |
| 14657448715 | Subject | The first part of a sentence that tells who or what the sentence is about. | 129 | |
| 14657448716 | Syllogism | A form of deductive reasoning that has a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. Think of a venn diagram. | 130 | |
| 14657448717 | Example of syllogism | All dogs are animals; all animals have four legs; therefore all dogs have four legs. | 131 | |
| 14664285115 | Synecdoche | When a word is used to represent a whole. | 132 | |
| 14664285116 | Example of synecdoche | "Cleveland won by six," rather than "Cleveland's baseball team won by six." | 133 | |
| 14664285117 | Syntax | The proper structure of words, phrases, and sentences. | 134 | |
| 14683817604 | Synthesize | Combining two or more things to create something more complex. | 135 | |
| 14683817605 | Text | A passage of words. | 136 | |
| 14690743330 | Thesis statement | A sentence that summarizes the purpose and main points made in an essay. | 137 | |
| 14695647346 | Tone | The attitude of the author towards the audience, a subject, or a character. | 138 | |
| 14695647347 | Toulmin Model | An method of analyzing and constructing arguments. | 139 | |
| 14695647348 | Trope | The general name for figures of speech such as image, symbol, simile, or metaphor. | 140 | |
| 14695647349 | Understatement | A statement that says less than what is meant. | 141 | |
| 14695647350 | Warrant | Justification for an action, belief, or feeling. | 142 | |
| 14695647351 | Wit | A form of keen intelligent humor that shows cleverness and sharpness. | 143 | |
| 14695647352 | Zuegma | When a single word used in a phrase is used in different senses. | 144 | |
| 14695647353 | Example of zeugma | She broke his car and his heart. | 145 |
