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AP Language Vocabulary Flashcards

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7449273493AlliterationThe repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words of syllabus Ex: Sandy Sells Seashells by the Sea Shore0
7449316966AllusionAn indirect reference, often to another text or a historic event Ex: He was greedy like Scrooge1
7449339555AnalogyAn extended comparison between two dissimilar things Ex: You are as annoying as nails on a chalkboard2
7449366943AnaphoraThe repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses Ex: Everyday, every night , and in every way I am getting better3
7449389351AnecdoteA short account of an interesting event Ex: a small piece of a play or a small story covering an event4
7449421040AnnotationExemplary or critical notes added to a text Ex: -5
7449433012AntecedentThe noun to which a later pronoun refers Ex: The bird ate the fish, and immediately it died6
7449436433AntimetaboleThe repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen contrast Ex: Eat to live, not live to eat7
7449440263AntithesisParallel Structure that juxtaposes contrasting ides Ex: Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice8
7449444624AphorismA short, astute statement of the general truth Ex: Words, of course, are the most powerful drug used by mankind9
7449448059Archaic DictionThe use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language Ex: Stoppeth, Thy, Thou10
7449804680AppositiveA word of phrase that renames a nearby noun of pronoun Ex: Geanettes bedroom desk, the biggest disaster area in the house, is a collection of overdue library books, dirty plates, computer components , old mail, cat hair, and empty potato chip bags11
7449448060ArgumentA statement put forth and supported by evidence Ex: -12
7449454132AssertionAn emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument Ex: "I believe racism is wrong,"13
7449456451AssumptionA belief or statement taken for granted without proof Ex: -14
7449459046AsyndetonLeaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, and clauses Ex:They dove, splashed, swam, splashed , snorted15
7449459047AttitudeThe speakers position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone16
7449462184AudienceOne's listener or relationship; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed17
7449464802AuthorityA reliable respected source- someone with knowledge Ex: Not CNN18
7449464803BiasPrejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue Ex: CNN19
7449467012CiteIdentifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source20
7449467013ClaimAn assertion usually supported by evidence21
7449469385Close ReadingA careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text22
7449472913Colloquial/ismAn informal or conversational use of language23
7449472914Common GroundShared beliefs, values, or positions24
7449477751Complex SentenceA sentence that includes on independent clause, and at least one dependent clause25
7449479940ConcessionA reluctant acknowledgement or yielding26
7449479941ConnotationThat which is implied by a word, as opposed to the words literal meaning27
7449483552ContextWords, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning28
7449483553CoordinationGrammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence often through a coordinating conjunction Ex: and or but29
7449487254CounterargumentA challenge to a position; an opposing argument30
7449493611Cumulative SentenceAn independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail31
7449496720Declarative SentenceA sentence that makes a statement32
7449496721DeductionReasoning from GENERAL TO SPECIFIC33
7449500778DenotationThe literal meaning of a word by its dictionary definition34
7449500779DictionWord choice35
7449504571DocumentationBibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing36
7449507766ElegiacMournful over what has passed or been lost; used to describe tone37
7449509727EpigramA brief witty statement38
7449509728EthosA Greek term referring to a character of a person; One of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (See logos and pathos)39
7449514400Figurative LanguageThe use of tropes of figure of speech; going beyond literal meaning to archive literary effect40
7449516834Figure of SpeechAn expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning41
7449518970HyperboleExaggeration for the purpose of emphasis42
7449518971ImageryVivid use of language that evokes a readers senses (Sight, smell, touch, hear, taste)43
7449523452Imperative SentenceA sentence that requests or commands44
7449523453InductionReasoning from SPECIFIC TO GENERAL45
7449526802InversionA sentence in which the verb precedes the subject46
7449529415IronyA contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result47
7449531582JuxtapositionPlacement of two things side by side for emphasis48
7449552345LogosA Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; One of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (See Pathos and Ethos)49
7449574089MetaphorA figure of speech or trope through one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison50
7449577061MetonymyUse of an aspect of something to represent the whole51
7449579166OccasionAn aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing52
7449581376OxymoronA figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms53
7449581377ParadoxA statement that seems contradictory but is actually true54
7449585935ParallelismThe repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns55
7449585936ParodyA piece that intimidates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect of ridicule56
7449593502PathosA Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with border appeals to emotion; One of Aristotle's rhetorical appeals (See ethos and logos)57
7449595985PersonaThe speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing58
7449598867PersonificationAssigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects59
7449601583PolemicAn argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion60
7449605656PolysyndetonThe deliberate use of a series of conjunctions61
7449608109PropagandaA negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information62
7449608110PurposeOne's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing63
7449613173RefuteTo discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument64
7449616166RhetoricThe study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle use of the "available means of persuasion"65
7449619891Rhetorical ModesPatterns of organization developed to archive a specific purpose; modes include, but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process and analysis, and argumentation66
7449625302Rhetorical QuestionA question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer67
7449627959SatireAn ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but argues against it68
7449627960SchemeA pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect69
7449631247Sentence PatternsThe arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions- such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex70
7449633883Sentence VarietyUsing a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect71
7449636004SimileA figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things72
7449638408Simple SentenceA statement containing a subject and a predicate; an independent clause73
7449641434SourceA book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information74
7449641435SpeakerA term used for the author, speaker, or person who's perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing75
7449641436SyntaxSentence structure76
7449645543SynthesizeCombining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex77
7449648879Straw ManA logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting then attacking the opponents position78
7449648880StyleThe distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech79
7449651581SubjectIn rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing80
7449655182Subordinate ClauseCreated by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause81
7449655183SubordinationThe dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence82
7449660874SyllogismA form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is a major and minor premise (see major and minor premise)83
7449664723Premise: Major, MinorTwo parts of syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise MAJOR PREMISE: All mammals are warm blooded MINOR PREMISE: All horses are mammals CONCLUSION: All horses are warm blooded (see syllogism)84
7449667000ThesisThe central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer85
7449667001Thesis StatementA statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit86
7449669302ToneThe speakers attitude towards the subject or audience87
7449672943Topic SentenceA sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraphs idea and often unites it with the works thesis88
7449672944TropeArtful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech89
7449678190UnderstatementLack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect90
7449678191VoiceIn grammar, the term for a relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing91
7449680159ZuegmaA construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs- often in different, and sometimes incongruent ways- two or more words in a sentence92

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