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AP Literature and Composition Flashcards

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3565185231Blank VerseUnrhymed iambic pentameter, _____ is the most commonly used verse form in English because it is the verse form that comes closest to natural patterns of speaking in English.0
3565185232CaesuraA pause within a line of poetry, sometimes punctuated, sometimes not, often mirroring natural speech.1
3565185233End Rhymewhen a poem has lines ending with words that sound the same.2
3565185234EnjambmentA poetic technique in which one line ends without a pause and must continue on to the next line to complete its meaning; also referred to as a "run-on line."3
3565185235Eye Rhymea similarity between words in spelling but not in pronunciation4
3565185236Footrefers to the most basic unit of a poem's meter. _____ is a combination of stressed and unstressed syllables.5
3565185237Free VerseA form of poetry that does not have a regular rhythm or rhyme scheme.6
3565185238Iambica foot containing unaccented and short syllables followed by a long and accented syllable in a single line of a poem (unstressed/stressed syllables).7
3565185239Internal Rhymea rhyme involving a word in the middle of a line and another at the end of the line or in the middle of the next.8
3565185240Metera unit of rhythm in poetry, the pattern of the beats.9
3565185241Near Rhymerhyming in which the words sound the same but do not rhyme perfectly.10
3565185242RhythmThe general pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.11
3565185243StanzaLines in a poem that the poet has chosen to group together, usually separated from other lines by a space. Stanzas within a poem usually have repetitive forms, often sharing rhyme schemes or rhythmic structures.12
3565185244Complex Sentencea sentence containing a subordinate clause or clauses.13
3565185245Compound Sentencea sentence with more than one subject or predicate.14
3565185246Cumulative Sentencea type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases.15
3565185247SonnetA poetic form composed of fourteen lines in iambic pentameter that adheres to a particular rhyme scheme. The two most common types are: Petrarchan and Shakespearean16
3565185248Imperative SentenceAn imperative sentence is a type of sentence that gives advice or instructions or that expresses a request or command.17
3565185249Interrupted SentenceA sentence of any pattern modifi ed by interruptions that add descriptive details, state conditions, suggest uncertainty, voice possible alternative views, or present qualifi cations.18
3565185250Periodic SentenceA sentence that begins with details, qualifi cations, or modifications, building toward the main clause.19
3565185251Simple SentenceA sentence composed of one main clause without any subordinate clause20
3565185252BildungsromanA novel that explores the maturation of the protagonist, with the narrative usually moving the main character from childhood into adulthood. Also called a coming-of-age story.21
3565185253First Person NarratorTold by a narrator who is a character in the story and who refers to him- or herself as "I." First-person narrators are sometimes unreliable narrators.22
3565185254Flat CharacterA character embodying only one or two traits and who lacks character development; for this reason, a fl at character is also called a static character. Often such characters exist only to provide background or adequate motivation for a protagonist's actions.23
3565185255MonologueIn a play, a speech given by one person.24
3565185256Objective NarratorA narrator who recounts only what characters say and do, offering no insight into their thinking or analysis of events. All interpretation is left to the reader.25
3565185257Passive VoiceA sentence employs passive voice when the subject doesn't act but is acted on.26
3565185258PersonaA character or figurative mask that an actor, writer, or singer takes on in order to perform.27
3565185259Round CharacterA character exhibiting a range of emotions and who evolves over the course of the story.28
3565185260Second Person NarratorThough rare, some stories are told using second-person pronouns (you). This casts the reader as a character in the story.29
3565185261Secondary CharacterA supporting character; while not as prominent or central as a main character, he or she is still important to the events of a story or play.30
3565185262Stock CharacterA type of flat character based on a stereotype; one who falls into an immediately recognizable category or type — such as the absentminded professor or the town drunk — and thus resists unique characterization. Stock characters can be artfully used for humor or satire.31
3565185263Third Person LimitedIn third person limited the narrator only knows the thoughts and feelings of one character.32
3565185264Third Person OmniscientTold by a narrator using third-person pronouns. This narrator is privy to the thoughts and actions of all of the characters in the story.33
3565185265Unreliable narratora narrator who can't be trusted; either from ignorance or self-interest, this narrator speaks with a bias, makes mistakes, or even lies34
3565185266AntagonistCharacter in a story or play who opposes the protagonist; while not necessarily an enemy, the antagonist creates or intensifies a conflict for the protagonist. An evil antagonist is a villain.35
3565185267ClimaxThe point in a story when the conflict reaches its highest intensity. The point of no return.36
3565185268ConflictThe tension, opposition, or struggle that drives a plot. External conflict is the opposition or tension between two characters or forces. Internal conflict occurs within a character. Conflict usually arises between the protagonist and the antagonist in a story.37
3565185269DenouementPronounced day-noo-moh, this literally means "untying the knot"; in this phase of a story's plot, the confl ict has been resolved and balance is restored to the world of the story.38
3565185270ExpositionIn a literary work, contextual and background information told to readers (rather than shown through action) about the characters, plot, setting, and situation.39
3565185271FlashbackA scene in a narrative that is set in an earlier time than the main action.40
3565185272FoilA contrasting character who allows the protagonist to stand out more distinctly.41
3565185273ForeshadowA plot device in which future events are hinted at.42
3565185274MoodSynonymous with atmosphere, mood is the feeling created for the reader by a work of literature. Many things can generate mood — especially style, tone, and setting.43
3565185275MotifA recurring pattern of images, words, or symbols that reveals a theme in a work of literature.44
3565185276ProtagonistThe main character in a work; often a hero or heroine, but not always45
3565185277Rising ActionThe events, marked by increasing tension and confl ict, that build up to a story's climax.46
3565185278SymbolA setting, object, or event in a story that carries more than literal meaning and therefore represents something signifi cant to understanding the meaning of a work of literature.47
3565185279ThemeUnderlying issues or ideas of a work.48
3565185280ToneA speaker's attitude as exposed through stylistic choices. (Tone is often confused with another element of style, mood, which describes the feeling created by the work.) Along with mood, tone provides the emotional coloring of a work and is created by some combination of the other elements of style49
3565185281PersonificationA figure of speech in which an animal or an inanimate object is imbued with human qualities50
3565286350ParadoxA statement that seems contradictory but actually is not.51
3565286351HyperboleDeliberate exaggeration used for emphasis or to produce a comic or ironic effect; an overstatement to make a point.52
3565286352UnderstatementThe presentation or framing of something as less important, urgent, awful, good, powerful, and so on, than it actually is, often for satiric or comical effect; the opposite of hyperbole, it is often used along with this technique, and for similar effect.53
3565286353Ironyis a figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words. It may also be a situation that may end up in quite a different way than what is generally anticipated.54
3565286354SimileA figure of speech used to explain or clarify an idea by comparing it explicitly to something else, using the words like, as, or as though to do so.55
3565286355MetaphorA figure of speech that compares or equates two things without using like or as.56
3565286356ConnotationMeanings or associations readers have with a word or item beyond its dictionary definition, or denotation. Connotations may reveal another layer of meaning of a piece, affect the tone, or suggest symbolic resonance.57
3565286357OxymoronA paradox made up of two seemingly contradictory words.58
3565286358DenotationThe literal definition of a word, often referred to as the "dictionary definition."59
3565286359AbstractAn abstract term is a general term, referring to a broad concept, as opposed to a term that refers to a specific, particular thing (e.g., personhood as opposed to Seamus Heaney); opposite of concrete.60
3565286360ConcreteA concrete term is one that refers to a specific, particular thing, as opposed to a term that refers to a broad concept (e.g., Seamus Heaney as opposed to person-hood); opposite of abstract.61
3565286361ColloquialismAn expression or language construction appropriate only for casual, informal speaking or writing.62
3565286362DialectDialogue or narration written to simulate regional or cultural speech patterns.63
3565323934DialogueThe written depiction of conversation between characters.64
3565323935Formalis a broad term for speech or writing marked by an impersonal, objective, and precise use of language.65
3565323936InformalA broad term for speech or writing marked by a casual, familiar, and generally colloquial use of language. An informal writing style is often more direct than a formal style and may rely more heavily on contractions, abbreviations, short sentences, and ellipses.66
3565323937Literalin accordance with, involving, or being the primary or strict meaning of the word or words; not figurative or metaphorical: the literal meaning of a word.67
3565323938FigurativeLanguage that uses figures of speech; nonliteral language usually evoking strong images. Sometimes referred to as metaphorical language, most of its forms explain, clarify, or enhance an idea by comparing it to something else; the comparison can be explicit (simile) or implied (metaphor). Other forms of figurative language include personification, paradox, overstatement (hyperbole), understatement, and irony.68

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