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AP Physics Flashcards

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6852394689sSpeed, scaler0
6852394690vVelocity, vector1
6852394691tTime, scaler2
6852394692mMass, Scaler3
6852394693aacceleration, vector4
6852394694ddistance, scaler5
6852394695Δx, Δy, Δpdisplacement, vector6
6852394696scalerThe variable has no direction (direction doesn't matter)7
6852394697vectorThe variable has direction and magnitude (direction matters)8
6852394698Speed formulas = total distance/total time9
6852394699Velocity Formulav = displacement/time10
6852394700Kinematic Equation 1finalV = initialV + at11
6852394701Kinematic Equation 2finalX = initialX + initialVt + 0.5atsquared12
6852394702Kinematic Equation 3finalVsquared = initialVsquared +2a(finalX - initialX)13
6852394703Acceleration of Gravity9.81 m/s14
6852394704The slope of a position vs. time graph isThe velocity on a velocity vs. time graph15
6852394705The slope of a velocity vs. time graph isThe acceleration on an acceleration vs. time graph16
6852394706Newton's 1st LawAn object stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. (The law of Inertia)17
6852394707InertiaThe property that an object doesn't want to move if not in motion and an object in motion doesn't want to stop18
6852394708Centripetal ForceA force going towards the center19
6852394709Translational motionMoving horizontally20
6852394710Newton's 2nd LawF = ma (the larger the m, the smaller the a) (the smaller the m, the larger the a)21
6852394711Newton's 3rd LawEvery action has an equal (applies direction) and opposite (applies magnitude) reaction.22
68523947121N (Newton) =1kgm/s squared (kilogram meter per second squared)23
6852394713Incline Plane: F = ma =Wsinθ24
6852394714force of friction (f) =μN(normal force)25
6852394715W(work) =F · Δx26
6852394716To do work isto give/take energy (give is positive work) (take is negative work)27
6852394717Dot Producta · b = |a| × |b| × cosθ28
68523947181J(joule) =1Nm (Newton meter)29
6852394719Power (P)how much or rate at which work is done over time30
6852394720P =W/t31
6852394721Watts (W) =J(joule)/s (unit of power)32
6852394722KE (kinetic energy) =0.5mv squared33
6852394723Ugrav (potential energy) =mgh (mass x gravity x height)34
6852394724Law of Conservation of EnergyEnergy can neither be created nor destroyed35
68523947251hp (horse power) =746 W (watts)36
6852394726Fc (centripetal Force) =mv squared/r = (m4πsquaredr)/ Tsquared (period squared)37
6852394727ac (centripetal acceleration) =vsquared/r = 4πsquaredr/Tsquared(period squared)38
6852394728Fg (Force of Gravity) =Gm1m2/rsquared39
6852394729G6.67E-1140
6852394730p(momentum) =mv41
6852394731Law of conservation of momentumtotal p initial = total p final42
6852394732When 2 or more objects are moving useMomentum43
6852394733When only 1 object is moving useEnergies44
6852394734ImpulseJ = Δp = FΔt45
6852394735Change in momentumImpulse46
6852394736Elastic CollisionHappens when KE is conserved (no energy is lost)47
6852394737In-elastic CollisionHappens when KE is not conserved (energy is lost)48
6852394738Perfectly In-elastic Collision2 objects collide and become 1 object (the objects stick together)49
6852394739In momentum: V1final =V1initial(m1 - m2/m1 + m2)50
6852394740In momentum: V1initial - V2initial =-(V2final - V1final)51
6852394741L (rotational momentum) =Iω (kgmsquared/sec)52
6852394742Rotational Displacementθ (radians)53
6852394743ω (velocity) =θ/t (rad/sec)54
6852394744α (rotational acceleration) =Δω/t (rad/secsquared)55
6852394745Rotational InertiaI(kgmsquared)56
6852394746τ (torque) =Iα (Nm)57
6852394747KE rotational =0.5Iωsquared (J)58
6852394748W rotational =τΔθ (J)59
6852394749Displacement ConversionΔx = θr60
6852394750Velocity Conversionv = ωr61
6852394751Acceleration Conversiona = αr62
6852394752Force Conversionτ = Frsinθ63
6852394753Rotational Kinematic Equation 1ωfinal = ωinitial + αt64
6852394754Rotational Kinematic Equation 2θfinal = θinitial + ωinitialt + 0.5αtsquared65
6852394755Rotational Kinematic Equation 3ωfinalsquared = ωinitialsquared + 2αΔθ66
6852394756The closer the mass is to the rotational axisthe smaller the inertia and the faster the object moves67
6852394757Momentum must be conservednumerically and in direction68
6852394758Closed ReflectionThe wave bounces back on the opposite side69
6852394759Open ReflectionThe wave bounces back on the same side70
6852394760WaveA transfer of energy through material71
6852394761Transverse WaveThe material moves perpendicular to the direction of the wave72
6852394762Longitudinal WaveThe medium moves parallel to the motion of the wave73
6852394763Wave AmplitudeHeight of wave from the midline74
6852394764Wave CrestThe top of a wave75
6852394765Wave TroughThe bottom of a wave76
6852394766Wave Length (λ)The distance of one crest or trough to another77
6852394767Period (T)The time it takes for one wave to pass through a certain point78
6852394768Frequency (f)How many waves pass a point per second (Ht)79
6852394769Period and Frequency areInverses80
6852394770Visible Light Range300 nm to 700 nm81
6852394771Range of Hearing20 Hz to 20,000 Hz82
6852394772fbeats =f1 - f283
6852394773V (of a wave) =λf84
6852394774Vsound =331 + 0.6(Temperature in degrees C)85
6852394775Intensity =W/4πrsquared86
6852394776As radius increasesthe intensity gets smaller because the sound spreads out more87
6852394777Threshold of Intensity1E-12 w/msquared (I0)88
6852394778Threshold of Pain1 w/msquared89
6852394779The sound intensity level (based off of human ears)Decibel System β = 10log(I/I0)90
6852394780Decibel changes byAddition (10+10+10)91
6852394781Intensity changes byMultiplication (10 x 10 x 10)92
6852394782When 10 decibels are added the intensityincreases by a factor of 1093
6852394783When comparing intensities the louder intensity goeson the top of the equation94
6852394784The observed wave has a change/shift in frequency because of the relative speed between the source and the observerThe Doppler Effect95
6852394785When objects move towards each other λ , f , and the light is .λ decreases, f increases, blueshift96
6852394786When objects move away from each other λ , f , and the light is .λ increases, f decreases, redshift97
6852394787fo =fs (v±vo/v±vs) (o - observer, s - source)98
6852394788A spot of no motionNode99
6852394789A spot with the most motionAnti-node100
6852394790The natural frequency of somethingResidence101
6852394791Residence of string instrumentsChordophones102
6852394792Chordophones have nodes oneach end103
6852394793Chordophone: L =nλ/2104
6852394794Chordophone: λ =2L/2105
6852394795Chordophone: fn =nV/2L106
6852394796Resonance of wind instrumentsAerophones107
6852394797An aerophone with anti-nodes on each endOpen Pipes108
6852394798An aerophone with an anti-node on one endClosed Pipe109
6852394799Open Pipe: L =nλ/2110
6852394800Open Pipe: fn =nV/2L111
6852394801Closed Pipe: L =(2n-1)λ/4112
6852394802Closed Pipe: fn =(2n - 1)V/4L113
6852394803CoulombOne unit of electric charge (C)114
6852394804e =1.602E-19 C115
6852394805Coulomb's Lawkq1q2/rsquared116
6852394806Coulomb's Constant (k)9E9 Nmsquared/Csquared117
6852394807The push that makes electrons flowVoltage (V)118
6852394808R (resistance) =pL/A (resistivity x length / area)119
6852394809The flow rate or flow of the chargeCurrent(amp) I120
68523948101 A =1 C/s121
6852394811How easy or difficult it is for the current to flow through somethingResistance (Ω)122
6852394812ohm's LawV = IR123
6852394813Series CircuitAs # of resistors increases, the V experienced by each decreases124
6852394814Parallel CircuitA circuit with many parts125
6852394815I is constant in aSeries Circuit126
6852394816V is constant in aParallel Circuit127
6852394817Series: Rtotal =R1 + R2 + R3128
6852394818Series: ItotalRtotal =I1R1 + I2R2129
6852394819Series: Vtotal =V1 + V2130
6852394820Parallel: 1/Rtotal =1/R1 + 1/R2131
6852394821Parallel: Itotal =I1 + I2132
6852394822Parallel: Vtotal/Rtotal =V1/R1 +V2/R2133
6852394823Period of Pendulum: T =2π√ L/g134
6852394824Potential Energy of a Spring: Uelas =0.5kxsquared135
6852394825Mechanical Energy isPotential energy and kinetic energy136

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