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AP Physics Flashcards

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7429110859sSpeed, scaler0
7429110860vVelocity, vector1
7429110861tTime, scaler2
7429110862mMass, Scaler3
7429110863aacceleration, vector4
7429110864ddistance, scaler5
7429110865Δx, Δy, Δpdisplacement, vector6
7429110866scalerThe variable has no direction (direction doesn't matter)7
7429110867vectorThe variable has direction and magnitude (direction matters)8
7429110868Speed formulas = total distance/total time9
7429110869Velocity Formulav = displacement/time10
7429110870Kinematic Equation 1finalV = initialV + at11
7429110871Kinematic Equation 2finalX = initialX + initialVt + 0.5atsquared12
7429110872Kinematic Equation 3finalVsquared = initialVsquared +2a(finalX - initialX)13
7429110873Acceleration of Gravity9.81 m/s14
7429110874The slope of a position vs. time graph isThe velocity on a velocity vs. time graph15
7429110875The slope of a velocity vs. time graph isThe acceleration on an acceleration vs. time graph16
7429110876Newton's 1st LawAn object stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. (The law of Inertia)17
7429110877InertiaThe property that an object doesn't want to move if not in motion and an object in motion doesn't want to stop18
7429110878Centripetal ForceA force going towards the center19
7429110879Translational motionMoving horizontally20
7429110880Newton's 2nd LawF = ma (the larger the m, the smaller the a) (the smaller the m, the larger the a)21
7429110881Newton's 3rd LawEvery action has an equal (applies direction) and opposite (applies magnitude) reaction.22
74291108821N (Newton) =1kgm/s squared (kilogram meter per second squared)23
7429110883Incline Plane: F = ma =Wsinθ24
7429110884force of friction (f) =μN(normal force)25
7429110885W(work) =F · Δx26
7429110886To do work isto give/take energy (give is positive work) (take is negative work)27
7429110887Dot Producta · b = |a| × |b| × cosθ28
74291108881J(joule) =1Nm (Newton meter)29
7429110889Power (P)how much or rate at which work is done over time30
7429110890P =W/t31
7429110891Watts (W) =J(joule)/s (unit of power)32
7429110892KE (kinetic energy) =0.5mv squared33
7429110893Ugrav (potential energy) =mgh (mass x gravity x height)34
7429110894Law of Conservation of EnergyEnergy can neither be created nor destroyed35
74291108951hp (horse power) =746 W (watts)36
7429110896Fc (centripetal Force) =mv squared/r = (m4πsquaredr)/ Tsquared (period squared)37
7429110897ac (centripetal acceleration) =vsquared/r = 4πsquaredr/Tsquared(period squared)38
7429110898Fg (Force of Gravity) =Gm1m2/rsquared39
7429110899G6.67E-1140
7429110900p(momentum) =mv41
7429110901Law of conservation of momentumtotal p initial = total p final42
7429110902When 2 or more objects are moving useMomentum43
7429110903When only 1 object is moving useEnergies44
7429110904ImpulseJ = Δp = FΔt45
7429110905Change in momentumImpulse46
7429110906Elastic CollisionHappens when KE is conserved (no energy is lost)47
7429110907In-elastic CollisionHappens when KE is not conserved (energy is lost)48
7429110908Perfectly In-elastic Collision2 objects collide and become 1 object (the objects stick together)49
7429110909In momentum: V1final =V1initial(m1 - m2/m1 + m2)50
7429110910In momentum: V1initial - V2initial =-(V2final - V1final)51
7429110911L (rotational momentum) =Iω (kgmsquared/sec)52
7429110912Rotational Displacementθ (radians)53
7429110913ω (velocity) =θ/t (rad/sec)54
7429110914α (rotational acceleration) =Δω/t (rad/secsquared)55
7429110915Rotational InertiaI(kgmsquared)56
7429110916τ (torque) =Iα (Nm)57
7429110917KE rotational =0.5Iωsquared (J)58
7429110918W rotational =τΔθ (J)59
7429110919Displacement ConversionΔx = θr60
7429110920Velocity Conversionv = ωr61
7429110921Acceleration Conversiona = αr62
7429110922Force Conversionτ = Frsinθ63
7429110923Rotational Kinematic Equation 1ωfinal = ωinitial + αt64
7429110924Rotational Kinematic Equation 2θfinal = θinitial + ωinitialt + 0.5αtsquared65
7429110925Rotational Kinematic Equation 3ωfinalsquared = ωinitialsquared + 2αΔθ66
7429110926The closer the mass is to the rotational axisthe smaller the inertia and the faster the object moves67
7429110927Momentum must be conservednumerically and in direction68
7429110928Closed ReflectionThe wave bounces back on the opposite side69
7429110929Open ReflectionThe wave bounces back on the same side70
7429110930WaveA transfer of energy through material71
7429110931Transverse WaveThe material moves perpendicular to the direction of the wave72
7429110932Longitudinal WaveThe medium moves parallel to the motion of the wave73
7429110933Wave AmplitudeHeight of wave from the midline74
7429110934Wave CrestThe top of a wave75
7429110935Wave TroughThe bottom of a wave76
7429110936Wave Length (λ)The distance of one crest or trough to another77
7429110937Period (T)The time it takes for one wave to pass through a certain point78
7429110938Frequency (f)How many waves pass a point per second (Ht)79
7429110939Period and Frequency areInverses80
7429110940Visible Light Range300 nm to 700 nm81
7429110941Range of Hearing20 Hz to 20,000 Hz82
7429110942fbeats =f1 - f283
7429110943V (of a wave) =λf84
7429110944Vsound =331 + 0.6(Temperature in degrees C)85
7429110945Intensity =W/4πrsquared86
7429110946As radius increasesthe intensity gets smaller because the sound spreads out more87
7429110947Threshold of Intensity1E-12 w/msquared (I0)88
7429110948Threshold of Pain1 w/msquared89
7429110949The sound intensity level (based off of human ears)Decibel System β = 10log(I/I0)90
7429110950Decibel changes byAddition (10+10+10)91
7429110951Intensity changes byMultiplication (10 x 10 x 10)92
7429110952When 10 decibels are added the intensityincreases by a factor of 1093
7429110953When comparing intensities the louder intensity goeson the top of the equation94
7429110954The observed wave has a change/shift in frequency because of the relative speed between the source and the observerThe Doppler Effect95
7429110955When objects move towards each other λ , f , and the light is .λ decreases, f increases, blueshift96
7429110956When objects move away from each other λ , f , and the light is .λ increases, f decreases, redshift97
7429110957fo =fs (v±vo/v±vs) (o - observer, s - source)98
7429110958A spot of no motionNode99
7429110959A spot with the most motionAnti-node100
7429110960The natural frequency of somethingResidence101
7429110961Residence of string instrumentsChordophones102
7429110962Chordophones have nodes oneach end103
7429110963Chordophone: L =nλ/2104
7429110964Chordophone: λ =2L/2105
7429110965Chordophone: fn =nV/2L106
7429110966Resonance of wind instrumentsAerophones107
7429110967An aerophone with anti-nodes on each endOpen Pipes108
7429110968An aerophone with an anti-node on one endClosed Pipe109
7429110969Open Pipe: L =nλ/2110
7429110970Open Pipe: fn =nV/2L111
7429110971Closed Pipe: L =(2n-1)λ/4112
7429110972Closed Pipe: fn =(2n - 1)V/4L113
7429110973CoulombOne unit of electric charge (C)114
7429110974e =1.602E-19 C115
7429110975Coulomb's Lawkq1q2/rsquared116
7429110976Coulomb's Constant (k)9E9 Nmsquared/Csquared117
7429110977The push that makes electrons flowVoltage (V)118
7429110978R (resistance) =pL/A (resistivity x length / area)119
7429110979The flow rate or flow of the chargeCurrent(amp) I120
74291109801 A =1 C/s121
7429110981How easy or difficult it is for the current to flow through somethingResistance (Ω)122
7429110982ohm's LawV = IR123
7429110983Series CircuitAs # of resistors increases, the V experienced by each decreases124
7429110984Parallel CircuitA circuit with many parts125
7429110985I is constant in aSeries Circuit126
7429110986V is constant in aParallel Circuit127
7429110987Series: Rtotal =R1 + R2 + R3128
7429110988Series: ItotalRtotal =I1R1 + I2R2129
7429110989Series: Vtotal =V1 + V2130
7429110990Parallel: 1/Rtotal =1/R1 + 1/R2131
7429110991Parallel: Itotal =I1 + I2132
7429110992Parallel: Vtotal/Rtotal =V1/R1 +V2/R2133
7429110993Period of Pendulum: T =2π√ L/g134
7429110994Potential Energy of a Spring: Uelas =0.5kxsquared135
7429110995Mechanical Energy isPotential energy and kinetic energy136

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