Terms : Hide Images
| 9796023424 | cognition | mental processes involved in acquiring or processing | 0 | |
| 9796027546 | concept | mental grouping of objects, events, or people | 1 | |
| 9796031314 | concept hierarchy | multi level classification system based on common properties among items | 2 | |
| 9796039210 | category | concept that organizes other concepts around what they all share in common | 3 | |
| 9796045801 | prototype | the best fitting example of a category | 4 | |
| 9796049137 | deductive reasoning | general statements to specific conclusions | 5 | |
| 9796078818 | inductive reasoning | specific evidence to general conclusions | 6 | |
| 9796081166 | metacognitive thinking | ability to think first nd then to reflect on one's own thinking; the awareness of one's own thinking process | 7 | |
| 9796090196 | algorithm | procedure that guarantees problem will be solves; covers every option but is time consuming | 8 | |
| 9796098940 | heuristic | thinking strategy that is quicker but more error prone than algorithms | 9 | |
| 9796106147 | insight | when people suddenly discover the correct solution to a problem after struggling with it for a while. Preceded by a gradual movement towards a solution that occurs outside of the problem solver's awareness | 10 | |
| 9796122215 | fixation | using a single approach to a problem rather than exploring different options in problem solving | 11 | |
| 9796131483 | mental set | exists when people persist in using problem solving strategies that have worked in the past | 12 | |
| 9796138609 | representative heuristic | estimate the probability of one event based on how typical it is of another event | 13 | |
| 9796145362 | availability heuristic | make decisions based on the ease with which estimates come to mind or how available they are to our awareness | 14 | |
| 9796157274 | overconfidence | people ted to put too much faith in their estimate, beliefs, and decisions even when they should know better | 15 | |
| 9796166940 | belief perseverance | tendency for people to hold their beliefs as true, even when there is simple evidence to discredit belief | 16 | |
| 9796176961 | intuition | ability to acquire knowledge w/ out proof | 17 | |
| 9796181156 | framing | refers to how decision issues are posed or how choices are structured | 18 | |
| 9796188057 | intelligence | a set of cognitive skills that includes abstract thinking, reasoning, problem solving, and the ability to acquire knowledge | 19 | |
| 9796201158 | general intelligence (g) | existence of a broad mental capacity that influences performance on cognitive ability measures | 20 | |
| 9796211543 | factor analysis | statistical method used to describe variability among observed | 21 | |
| 9796219310 | savant syndrome | low overall intelligence but are extremely gifted in one area (IQ below 70) | 22 | |
| 9796227116 | creativity | thought/behavior that is original and useful | 23 | |
| 9796231507 | emotional intelligence | consists of the ability to perceive and express emotion, assimilate emotion in thought, understand and reason with emotions and regulation emotion | 24 | |
| 9796249347 | intelligence test | spatial, verbal, quantitative, perceptual (part of g factor) | 25 | |
| 9796262152 | mental age | score of an IQ test or the level of native mental ability or capacity of an individual | 26 | |
| 9796268875 | Stanford-Binet | widely used form on IQ test among children | 27 | |
| 9796276329 | Intelligence Quotient (IQ) | mental age/chronological age x100 | 28 | |
| 9796293206 | Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test (WAIS) | published first high quality IQ test designed specifically for adults | 29 | |
| 9796303453 | Standardization | the uniform procedures used in the administration and scoring of a test | 30 | |
| 9796309895 | normal curve | symmetric bell shaped curve that reps the pattern in which many characteristics are dispersed in the population | 31 | |
| 9796317506 | reliability | consistency of the results of a measurement | 32 | |
| 9796323019 | validity | the ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure | 33 | |
| 9796328463 | content validity | refers to the degree to which the content of a test is representative of the domain its supposed to cover | 34 | |
| 9796336644 | intellectual disability | sub average general mental ability accompanied by deficiencies in adaptive skills originating before age 18 | 35 | |
| 9796352009 | down syndrome | an extra 21st chromosome | 36 | |
| 9796354884 | predictive validity | the extent to which performance on a test is related to later performance that the test was designed to predict | 37 | |
| 9796368282 | heritability | an estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance | 38 | |
| 9796387104 | stereotype threat | race or gender is falsely attributed to failure | 39 | |
| 9797064532 | linguistic determinism | our language determines our way of thinking and our perceptions of the world | 40 | |
| 9797077164 | critical period (sensitivity period) | principle of language development suggesting that when children are not exposed to any human language before a certain age, their language ability never fully develop | 41 | |
| 9797094276 | memory | learning that persists over time, involves the storage and retrieval of info | 42 | |
| 9797099318 | encoding | processing of info into memory | 43 | |
| 9797103314 | storage | retention encoded info over time | 44 | |
| 9797106919 | retrieval | process of getting info out of memory system | 45 | |
| 9797110156 | sensory memory | immediate, brief recording of info from senses | 46 | |
| 9797115554 | short term memory | memory that holds a few (about 7) items briefly; info is either stored or forgotten | 47 | |
| 9797126554 | long term memory | relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of memory includes knowledge, skills , and experience | 48 | |
| 9797134110 | working memory | another name for short term memory | 49 | |
| 9797136469 | three stage processing model of memory | sensory, short term, long term | 50 | |
| 9797141757 | automatic processing | unconscious Ex.) space, time, frequency, well-learned material | 51 | |
| 9797150994 | effortful processing | conscious Ex.) rehearsal, distributed study/practice | 52 | |
| 9797157426 | rehearsal | the conscious repetition of info, either to maintain it in consciousness or encode for storage | 53 | |
| 9797164059 | spacing effect | the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through mass study | 54 | |
| 9797173643 | testing effect | an enhancement in the long-term retention of information as a result of taking a memory test | 55 | |
| 9797180991 | serial position effect | tendency to recall best the last and first items on a list | 56 | |
| 9797185476 | primacy | more time to rehearse | 57 | |
| 9797187929 | recency | remember last item b/c it is still in short term memory | 58 | |
| 9797192225 | mnemonics | methods that help us remember | 59 | |
| 9797195895 | imagery | using visual imagery to help remember | 60 | |
| 9797198701 | chunking | organizing into manageable units | 61 | |
| 9797216698 | memory hierarchy | organizing words/concepts into groups based on similar characteristics help memory | 62 | |
| 9797222305 | iconic memory | momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli (photographic but lasts no more than a few tenths of a second) | 63 | |
| 9797237200 | echoic memory | momentary sensory memory of auditory information | 64 | |
| 9797247061 | short-term memory decay | unless rehearsed, verbal info is quickly forgotten | 65 | |
| 9797250411 | long-term potentiation | an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory | 66 | |
| 9797260516 | flashbulb memories | a clear memory of an emotionally significant memory or event | 67 | |
| 9797264697 | amnesia | extensive memory loss due to head injury | 68 | |
| 9797268601 | memory subsystems |  | 69 | |
| 9797281609 | implicit memory | knowledge based on previous experiences (eg skills we have mastered); resides outside conscious awareness | 70 | |
| 9797294150 | explicit memory | conscious recall of facts and events | 71 | |
| 9797294199 | semantic memory | facts and knowledge | 72 | |
| 9797297509 | hippocampus | where explicit memories are processed | 73 | |
| 9797306199 | cerebellum | important info for implicit memories and conditioned responses | 74 | |
| 9797325125 | schemas | pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them | 75 | |
| 9797330610 | recognizing | the person need to only identify items previously learned | 76 | |
| 9797335573 | recall | the person must retrieve info learned earlier | 77 | |
| 9797340444 | relearning | the amount of time saved when learning info for the second time | 78 | |
| 9797347479 | retrieval cues | signals that help us remember information such as key words, memory palaces, etc. | 79 | |
| 9797355422 | context effects | giving hints or related info to memory | 80 | |
| 9797369461 | deja vu | eerie sense of "I've experienced this before" | 81 | |
| 9797372876 | mood congruent | the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current mood | 82 | |
| 9797381012 | forgetting (encoding, storage, or retrieval failure) | failure of information to go through 3 stage processing model | 83 | |
| 9797385603 | proactive interference | disruption of prior learning on the recall of new info | 84 | |
| 9797390587 | retroactive interference | disruption of new learning on the recall of old info | 85 | |
| 9797399252 | absent-mindedness | ineffective encoding | 86 | |
| 9797401495 | repression | refers to keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious | 87 | |
| 9797405698 | blocking | people forget information because of competition from other material | 88 | |
| 9797410837 | suggestibility | problem with memory that occurs when memories are implanted in out minds based on leading questions, comments, or suggestions by someone else | 89 | |
| 9797420363 | false memory | memories for events that never happened but were suggest by someone or something | 90 | |
| 9797433010 | recovered memory | a memory from a real event that was encoded, stored, but not retrieved for a long period of time until some later event brings it suddenly to consciousness | 91 | |
| 9797440912 | misinformation effect | incorporating misleading info into ones memory of an event | 92 | |
| 9797456106 | anterograde amnesia | can't remember AFTER injury | 93 | |
| 9797462259 | retrograde amnesia | can't remember BEFORE amnesia | 94 |
