Terms : Hide Images
| 6712312966 | sympathetic nervous system | the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations | 0 | |
| 6712312967 | autonomic nervous system | the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart) | 1 | |
| 6712312968 | peripheral nervous system | the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body | 2 | |
| 6712312969 | central nervous system | the brain and spinal cord | 3 | |
| 6712312970 | antagonist | a drug that inhibits the release of a neurotrasmitter | 4 | |
| 6712312971 | dendrite | the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body | 5 | |
| 6712312972 | soma | cell body | 6 | |
| 6712312973 | action potential | a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon | 7 | |
| 6712312974 | myelin sheath | a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next | 8 | |
| 6712312975 | synapse | the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron | 9 | |
| 6712312976 | biological psychologists | a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior | 10 | |
| 6712312977 | somatic nervous system | the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles (enables voluntary control) | 11 | |
| 6712312978 | progesterone | hormone that promotes growth of uterine lining | 12 | |
| 6712312979 | estrogen | the main female sex hormone | 13 | |
| 6712312980 | threshold | the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse | 14 | |
| 6712312981 | androgens | male sex hormones | 15 | |
| 6712312982 | refractory period | the time after a neuron fires during which a stimulus will not evoke a response | 16 | |
| 6712312983 | epinephrine/norepinephrine | secreted by the adrenal glands; also known as adrenaline and noradrenaline | 17 | |
| 6712312984 | adrenal glands | a pair of endocrine glands located just above the kidneys; secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine | 18 | |
| 6712312985 | pituitary gland | the endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. | 19 | |
| 6712312986 | axon | the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands | 20 | |
| 6712312987 | neuron | a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system | 21 | |
| 6712312988 | selective permeability | a property of cells that allows some substances to cross more easily than others | 22 | |
| 6712312989 | Franz Gall | invented phrenology, claimed bumps on the skull could reveal our mental abilities and our character traits | 23 | |
| 6712312990 | depolarization | sodium rushes into neuron through membrane, potassium ruses out; results in a change in charge | 24 | |
| 6712312991 | resting potential | the electrical charge across the cell membrane of a neuron in its resting state (not the number; opposite of action potential) | 25 | |
| 6712312992 | node of Ranvier | small gap between myelinated segments where axonal membrane is exposed; increase speed of impulses | 26 | |
| 6712312993 | terminal buttons | small knobs at the end of the axon that secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters | 27 | |
| 6712312994 | nervous system | the body's speedy, electrochemical communication system, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems | 28 | |
| 6712312995 | endorphins | natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure | 29 | |
| 6712312996 | acetylcholine (ACh) | a neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction | 30 | |
| 6712312997 | reuptake | a neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron | 31 | |
| 6712312998 | neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons | 32 | |
| 6712312999 | -70mV | the charge of a neuron during resting potential | 33 | |
| 6712313000 | efferent neurons | neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands (motor neurons) | 34 | |
| 6712313001 | afferent neurons | neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system (sensory neurons) | 35 | |
| 6712313002 | parasympathetic nervous system | the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy | 36 | |
| 6712313003 | hypothalamus | controls the endocrine system | 37 | |
| 6712313004 | hormones | chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another | 38 | |
| 6712313005 | endocrine system | the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream | 39 | |
| 6712313006 | neural network | interconnected neural cells (practicing an instrument builds these) | 40 | |
| 6712313007 | reflex | a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response | 41 | |
| 6712313008 | interneurons | neurons that make up the spinal cord and the brain | 42 | |
| 6712313009 | phrenology | the popular but ill-fated theory that claimed bumps on the skull could reveal our mental abilities and our character traits | 43 | |
| 6712313010 | agonist | drugs that mimic the affects of or block the reuptake of a neurotransmitter | 44 | |
| 6712313011 | Parkinson's disease/L-dopa | degenerative disease associated with a dopamine deficiency; the drug can be converted to dopamine by breaking the blood-brain barrier | 45 | |
| 6712313012 | dopamine | neurotransmitter that influences learning, attention, and emotion (Charlie wrote a song about it) | 46 | |
| 6712313013 | serotonin | neurotransmitter that affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal | 47 | |
| 6712313014 | vesicle | membrane-bounded sac located in the terminal buttons that releases neurotransmitters | 48 | |
| 6712313015 | thyroid | endocrine gland that regulates the body's metabolism and calcium balance | 49 | |
| 6712313016 | pancreas | organ (associated with the endocrine system) that contains majority of digestive enzymes | 50 | |
| 6712313017 | gonads | reproductive glands-male, testes; female, ovaries | 51 | |
| 6712313018 | testes | the male gonads, which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones | 52 | |
| 6712313019 | ovaries | the female sex glands that store the ova and produce female sex hormones | 53 | |
| 6712313020 | testosterone | the most important male sex hormone | 54 |
