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AP Psych: Social Psychology Flashcards

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4815499537Social Psychologya branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others0
4815518822Stereotypeswidely held beliefs people have certain characteristics because they belong to a particular group1
4815530557AttractiveA person who is ____ are seen as more sociable, friendly, poised, warm, and more competent.2
4815535318Illusory Correlationoccurs when people overestimate how often they have encountered people who confirm association between SOCIAL TRAITS then they have actually seen. Also tend to underestimate disconfirmations of stereotypes.3
4815544607Ingroupgroup one identifies with4
4815549033Outgroupgroup one does not identify with (negative stereotypes)5
4815553532AttributionsInferences people draw about the causes of events, others behavior, and their own behavior6
4815560245Internal attributionsAscribing the causes of behavior to personal dispositions, traits, abilities, and feelings.7
4815567404External attributionsAscribing causes of behavior to situational demands and environmental constraints.8
4815574538Weiners modelthe four types of attributions are Internal, external, unstable, and stables causes9
4815588695Hindsight Biastendency to mold ones interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out "i knew it all along"10
4815593790Self serving biastendency to take personal credit for your successes but blame external sources for your failures11
4815596080Just world phenomenonpeople's tendency to believe that the world is just and that people get what they deserve. Because people want to believe that the world is fair, they will look for ways to explain or rationalize away injustice - often by blaming the victim.12
4815601583Fundamental attribution errorobserve someones behavior and attribute it to a internal factor13
4815606316Actor-observer Biasour behavior is caused by external factors while others behavior is caused by internal factors14
4815613259Defensive attributiontendency to blame victims for their misfortune, so that one feels less likely to be victimized in a similar way15
4815622706Individualismputting personal goals ahead of group goals and DEFINING identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group memberships16
4815629697Collectivismputting group goals ahead of personal and DEFINING identity in terms of group attributes rather than group memberships17
4815640933yesAre collectivist or individualists more prone to fundamental attribution error18
4815647744Stereotype threatcauses range of Hispanic/Black students to under perform on the SATs19
4815652860PsychologyThe study that studies behavior and the psychological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and it's the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems20
4815937506Interpersonal attractionrefers to positive feeling toward another21
4815939248Matching Hypothesisproposes males and females of equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners22
4815942730Passionate loveComplete absorption in another including sexual feelings and agony/ecstasy of intense emotion23
4815946498Compassionate lovewarm, trusting, tolerant affection for another who's life is deeply intertwined with ones own24
4815950056Secure attachmentcan get close to others, dependent25
4815951736Avoidant attachmentuncomfortable getting close, trust problems, can't depend on partner, don't want to get close26
4815957550Anxious/Ambivalent attachmentcan't get others to be close, partner doesn't love me, scare people away27
4815960814Attitudespositive or negative evaluations of object of though (groups, issues, people..)28
4815964081Cognitive attitudeattitude made up of BELIEFS people hold about the object of an attitude (beliefs, ideas)29
4815970352Affective attitudeconsists of EMOTIONAL feelings stimulated by an object of thought (emotions, feelings)30
4815975480Behavioral attitudeconsists of PREDISPOSITIONS TO ACT in certain ways toward an attitude object31
4815999371Explicit attitudesconscious beliefs that can guide decisions and behavior.32
4816002917Implicit attitudesunconscious beliefs that can still influence decisions and behavior33
4816026634Leon Festingercreated dissonance theory34
4816028378Observational learningattitudes influenced by parents, media, teachers, friends, ect.35
4816031224Classical conditioningLearning by association36
4816033487Operant conditioningreinforcements and punishments. openly expressing attitude can call for positive of negative responses37
4816035815Evaluative conditioningeffort to transfer emotion attached to an unconditioned stimulus to a new conditioned stimulus. ASSOCIATION BY EMOTION38
4816042704Dissonance Theoryassumes that inconsistency among attitudes propels people in the direction of attitude change.39
4816045338Cognitive dissonancewhen related cognition are inconsistent- when they contradict eachother (person feels bad)40
4816050858Effort justificationpeople's tendency to attribute a greater value (greater than the objective value) to an outcome they had to put effort into acquiring or achieving.41
4816056664Decreasepeople want to ___ dissonance by reducing cognitions42
4816060969High dissonanceBelieving your own lie is an example of43
4816064400Festingerwho was the psychologist who had participants engage in a boring knob turning experiment in which those who were paid the least expressed the most positive attitude (high dissonance, believing your own lie)44
4816069662Central route to persuasionpeople carefully ponder content and logic of messages45
4816071198Peripheral route to persuasionpersuasion depends on non message factors such as attractiveness, credibility of source, or conditioned emotional responses.46
4817950790ConformityOccurs when people yield to real or imagined social pressures47
4817956352AschWho created the line test for conformity?48
4817957763Normative influenceoperates when people conform to social norms for fear of negative social consequences. BEING LIKED49
4817961760Informational influenceoperates when people look to others for guidance about how to behave in ambiguous situations BEING RIGHT50
4817968890Obediancea form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority51
4817974581Milgrams studiesCreated (unethical?) shock test to measure obedience. 65% of people obeyed the experimenter52
4817980739ZimbardoCreated Stanford prison experiment53
4817984578Social roleswidely shared expectations about how people in certain positions are supposed to behave. Stanford prison experiment demonstrated this54
4817992107Foot in doorinvolves getting people to agree to small requests to increase chances that they will agree to a larger request later55
4817996959Reciprocity normwe should pay back in kind what we receive from others56
4818002385Lowball techniqueinvolves getting someone to commit to an attractive proposition before its hidden costs are revealed57
4818006153Scarcitythreatens your freedom to choose a product, thus creating an increased desire for the scarce commodity58
4818011949Door in facemaking large request that is likely to be turned down as a way to increase the chances people will agree to a smaller request later59
4818020198Groupconsists of two or more individuals who interact and are independent60
4818023925Bystander effectpeople are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups than when they are alone61
4818026994Diffusion of responsibilitysomeone else will help62
4818029382Social loafingreduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups as compared to when they work by themselves -Less likely in collectivist cultures63
4818036402Group polarizationoccurs when group discussion strengthens a groups dominant POV and produces a shift toward a more extreme decision in that direction64
4818042336Groupthinkoccurs when a members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a decision65
4818050595Group cohesivenessstrength of the relationships linking group members to eachother and to the group itself TEAM SPIRIT66
4818059423EmpiricismPsychologist put their faith in ____67
4818071778FalsePeople see members of their ingroup as being more alike than members of their outgroup68
4818074185Prejudicenegative ATTITUDE held toward members of a group.69
4818075447DiscriminationBEHAVING differently, usually unfairly, toward the members of a group70
4818089131Operant conditioningif prejudice is praised then it will be strengthened by71
4818093352Realistic group conflict theorywhen intergroup hostility and prejudice are natural outgrowth of competition72
4818100885Social identity perspectiveSelf esteem depends on one's personal and social identity73
4818104870Social identityrefers to pride individuals derive from their membership in various groups74
4819721458Social facilitationpresence of others can improve a persons performance75
4819722619Self handicappingmaking an excuse will justify the outcome before an event occurs76
4819726772Self fulfilling prophecyan initial impression leads person to believe in accordance with that impression77
4819728321Spotlight effectself focused perspective. We assume more people notice and evaluate us78
4819732613Confirmation Biastendency to seek info that only supports your beliefs/views79
4819767730Social psychologythe branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others80
4819772674Person Perceptioninvolves forming impressions of others81
4819775722Sterotypeswidely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines82
4819794940Self conceptones perception of who one is83
4819796026Self esteemhow valuable one feels oneself to be84
4819798268Social Comparisoncomparing ourselves to those around us as a way of judging or evaluating ourselves85
4819803039Reference Grouppeople we use as a comparison to ourselves and with whom we identify most strongly86
4819808460Relative deprivationbeing denied access to wheat we feel we are entitled to have87
4819811477Temporal comparisonsusing our past experiences to judge and evaluate ourselves in the current moment88
4819814921Self schemasmental frameworks or blueprints that people have about themselves89
4819818519Unrealistic optimismthe belief that favorable events are more likely to occur to you than other people90
4819821998A-B problemwhen one's attitudes do not necessarily predict future behavior91
4819827892Social normsimplicit or explicit rules that guide daily behavior and are based on societal expactancies92
4819829997Compliancechanging behavior due to direct request93
4819832324Reciprocityresponding to a behavior with the same behavior94
4819833585Confederatessubjects unknown to the actual participants in an experiment in an experiment assigned by he researcher to influence the experiment95
4819843088Aggressionany act that is intended to cause harm to another96
4819845055Altruisma genuine concern for the safety and well being of another97
4819849128Arousal cost reward theoryweighing several options in order to reduce the unpleasant feeling associated with seeing a person in distress98
4819852890Reciprocal altruismassisting another person with the expectation that that person will repay the deed in the future99
4821857607Competitionpursuit of a desired outcome while refuting that same outcome to others100
4821869676Social inhibitionperformance decreases in the presence of others for fear of being embarrassed101
4821874603Deindividuationlowered sense of self identity due to anonymity produced by being in a large crowd102

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