Terms : Hide Images
| 8557235967 | cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating | 0 | |
| 8557237271 | concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, or people | 1 | |
| 8557238257 | prototype | a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to this provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories (as when comparing feathered creatures to a typical bird, such as a robin) | 2 | |
| 8557258632 | algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem | 3 | |
| 8557264815 | heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently (like a rule of thumb) | 4 | |
| 8557270516 | insight | a sudden realization of a problem's solution | 5 | |
| 8557271680 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence | 6 | |
| 8557276109 | mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past | 7 | |
| 8557289622 | intuition | an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought | 8 | |
| 8557291739 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common | 9 | |
| 8557297035 | overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct- to over-estimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments | 10 | |
| 8557363542 | belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited | 11 | |
| 8557371031 | framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments | 12 | |
| 8557374261 | creativity | the ability to produce new and valuable ideas | 13 | |
| 8557376234 | convergent thinking | narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution | 14 | |
| 8557377806 | divergent thinking | expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions | 15 | |
| 8557382840 | language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning | 16 | |
| 8557386294 | phoneme | in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit (single letters in the alphabet) | 17 | |
| 8557387625 | morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or part of a word, such as a prefix (-s makes a word plural) | 18 | |
| 8557392785 | grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others; in a given language, semantics in the set of rules of deriving meaning from sounds, and syntax is the set of rules for combining words into sensible sentences | 19 | |
| 8557398324 | babbling stage | beginning at 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language | 20 | |
| 8557416230 | one-word stage | the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words | 21 | |
| 8557420301 | two-word stage | beginning at about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly in two-word statements | 22 | |
| 8557426018 | telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegraph- "go car"- using mostly nouns and verbs | 23 | |
| 8557431650 | Broca's area | controls language expression- an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech | 24 | |
| 8557434467 | Wernicke's area | controls language reception- a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe | 25 | |
| 8557439776 | fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving | 26 | |
| 8557445562 | functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; interferes with problem solving | 27 | |
| 8557448117 | representative heuristic | to judge the likelihood of things in terms of how well they represent particular prototypes | 28 | |
| 8557450666 | belief bias | we more easily see the illogic conclusions that run counter to our beliefs than those that agree with our beliefs | 29 | |
| 8557471274 | artificial intelligence | tries to stimulate human thought processes, practical appliances, etc. | 30 | |
| 8557473785 | neural networks | computer circuits that mimic the brain's interconnected neural cells, performing tasks such as learning to recognize visual patterns and smells | 31 | |
| 8557477399 | semantics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also the study of meaning | 32 | |
| 8557482640 | syntax | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language | 33 | |
| 8557499051 | linguistic relativity | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think | 34 | |
| 8557500434 | language acquisition device | innate ability to acquire language (innate) | 35 | |
| 8557502790 | critical period | the first few years of life constitute the time during which language develops readily and after which language acquisition is much more difficult and ultimately less successful | 36 |
