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| 14886474921 | Parts of a neuron |  | 0 | |
| 15056520382 | cell body | the cell's life support center, contains nucleus | 1 | |
| 15056520383 | dendrite | the branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body, "selectively permeable" | 2 | |
| 15056542729 | axon | the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass away from the cell body to other neurons or to muscles or glands | 3 | |
| 15056546115 | myelin sheath | fatty covering around axon, speeds neural impulses, deterioration can lead to multiple sclerosis | 4 | |
| 15056548644 | glial cells | -provide support, nutrition, insulation to help with neural connections -"worker bees" -influence learning, thinking, memory | 5 | |
| 15056567950 | action potential | -the firing of the neuron, selfing info through the axon in the form of an electrical charge -neurotransmitters released by terminal button -resti | 6 | |
| 15056571737 | threshold | the minimum stimulation that must be reached to fire the neuron | 7 | |
| 15056575784 | excitatory | these neurotransmitters push gas pedal | 8 | |
| 15056577752 | inhibitory | these neurotransmitters push the breaks | 9 | |
| 15056580662 | refractory period | the brief recharging period after action potential | 10 | |
| 15056583257 | all-or-none principle | the law that the neuron either fires at 100% or not at all | 11 | |
| 15056587286 | Synapse | the gap between neurons where NTMs are passed | 12 | |
| 15056605411 | Serotonin | -mood, hunger, sleep -depression (inhibitory) | 13 | |
| 15056592184 | neurotransmitter | -chemicals used in neural communication -released during action potential | 14 | |
| 15056595284 | Acetylcholine | -motor movement and memory -Alzheimer's (both inhibitory and excitatory) | 15 | |
| 15056643840 | Norepinephrine | alertness and arousal (excitatory) | 16 | |
| 15056634755 | Glutamate | -memory, brain activity -too much=headaches (excitatory) | 17 | |
| 15056645818 | GABA | -sleep, relieve anxiety -too little=insomnia (inhibitory) | 18 | |
| 15056606400 | endorphins | -pain, positive emotions -natural morphine (inhibitory) | 19 | |
| 15056602310 | Dopamine | -emotion, movement, attention -Schizophrenia and Parkinson's (both inhibitory and excitatory) | 20 | |
| 15056596938 | reuptake | when NTMs that don't pass to next neuron are reabsorbed into the sending neurons | 21 | |
| 15056613391 | agonist | mimics neurotransmitter | 22 | |
| 15056623057 | Antagonist | blocks neurotransmitter | 23 | |
| 15056627062 | nervous system | all neurons of the body taken altogether to provide a communication network | 24 | |
| 15056665979 | sensory neurons | neurons that receive information from the external world and convey this information to the brain via the spinal cord | 25 | |
| 15056669631 | motor neurons | neurons that carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles to produce movement | 26 | |
| 15056670190 | Interneurons | Central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs | 27 | |
| 15056670191 | central nervous system | -processes, interprets, stores info -issues orders to muscles, glands, organs -brain and spinal cord -encased in bone for protection | 28 | |
| 15056673052 | peripheral nervous system | -transmits info to and from CNS -neurons that connect the CNS with the rest of the body -all the rest of the nerves | 29 | |
| 15056680195 | somatic nervous system | controls voluntary movements | 30 | |
| 15056686623 | autonomic nervous system | controls glands and muscles of internal organs that operate involuntarily | 31 | |
| 15056689183 | Sypathetic Nervous System | fight or flight -mobilizes body for action and energy output | 32 | |
| 15056691542 | parasympathetic nervous system | rest and digest -conserves energy, maintains quiet state | 33 | |
| 15056695861 | Nerves | neural "cables" containing many axons. These bundled axons, which are part of the peripheral nervous system, connect the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs | 34 | |
| 15056698921 | reflex | automatic response to a sensory stimulus -single sensory, motor, and interneuron -does not involve brain | 35 | |
| 15056702488 | endocrine system | body's chemical messenger system that secrets hormones into the bloodstream | 36 | |
| 15056704687 | hormones | -chemical messengers used by endocrine system -move slower than NTMs -last longer -move through bloodstream | 37 | |
| 15056707811 | adrenal glands | -secretes hormones in reaction to stress -activates sympathetic nervous system with adrenaline | 38 | |
| 15056716942 | Epinephrine | adrenaline, released by stress | 39 | |
| 15056717369 | fight or flight response | the initial reaction of the body to stress during the alarm stage | 40 | |
| 15056720044 | pituitary gland | -master gland -most important -controls all responses of the endocrine system | 41 | |
| 15056725474 | Phineas Gage | railroad worker who survived a severe brain injury that dramatically changed his personality and behavior; case played a role in the development of the understanding of the localization of brain function | 42 | |
| 15056730555 | lesion | tissue destruction. A brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue | 43 | |
| 15056733945 | EEG | -a single line that charts your brain activity of billions of neurons -detects rapid changes in electrical activity -can isolate left vs right brain activity but can't pinpoint exact location (electroencephalography and electroencephalogram) | 44 | |
| 15056733946 | CT scan | -x ray images of brain -swelling, bleeding, brain tumors (computed tomography) | 45 | |
| 15056734784 | PET scan | -red hot spots show which brain areas are most active as person performs tasks -person receives temporarily radioactive glucose (positron emission tomography) | 46 | |
| 15056734785 | MRI | magnetic imaging of soft tissue (magnetic resonance imaging) | 47 | |
| 15056734786 | fMRI | -detects blood rushing to back of the brain -how the brain divides its labor | 48 | |
| 15056736000 | Brainstem | responsible for vital autonomic functions -oldest part of the brain | 49 | |
| 15056736001 | medulla | part of brain that regulates basic body functions including breathing, blood pressure, heart rate | 50 | |
| 15056736002 | pons | relay signals to cerebellum to coordinate movements -sleep, breathing, posture and balance, bladder control, etc. -bridge connects cerebellum to cerebrum (2 hemispheres) | 51 | |
| 15056736529 | thalamus | the brain's sensory switchboard -it directs all incoming and outgoing sensory and motor traffic except smell | 52 | |
| 15056736530 | reticular formation | bundle of nerve cells that runs through the brain stem -controls arousal of the brain -will lead to INSTANT COMA if severed | 53 | |
| 15056737520 | cerebellum | coordination and balance -little brain -all physical movement | 54 | |
| 15056737521 | limbic system | give humans the capability for emotions and memory -associated with emotions such as fear, aggression, and drives of hunger and sex -HAH (Hippocampus, Amygdala, Hypothalamus) | 55 | |
| 15056737526 | amygdala | fear and aggression -enhances memory of emotional information -flashbulb memories | 56 | |
| 15056738496 | Hypothalamus | body maintenance -boss of pituitary gland -homeostasis, sleep regulation, pleasure center | 57 | |
| 15056738497 | Hippocampus | controls ability to create new memories -not where memories are stored! -helps connect emotions and senses to memories -flashbulb memories | 58 | |
| 15056810224 | cerebral cortex | brains ultimate information processing center -tightly packed neurons -higher thought, communication | 59 | |
| 15056810225 | frontal lobes | has motor cortex -movement -reasoning, planning, judgement | 60 | |
| 15056810226 | prefrontal cortex | cortex that involves attention, working memory, decision making, appropriate social behavior, and personality | 61 | |
| 15056811342 | motor cortex | cortex that processes information about voluntary movement | 62 | |
| 15056811343 | parietal lobes | has the somato(sensory) cortex -sense of touch -mathematical reasoning | 63 | |
| 15056812818 | sensory cortex | cortex that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations | 64 | |
| 15056814650 | occipital lobes | has the visual cortex -visual functions -eyes in the back of your head | 65 | |
| 15056815812 | visual cortex | cortex that processes visual info | 66 | |
| 15056819077 | temporal lobes | has auditory cortex -hearing but also involved in speech -by the ears -contains hippocampus, so involved in memory formation | 67 | |
| 15056819078 | auditory cortex | cortex that processes sound information | 68 | |
| 15056820147 | association areas | responsible for functions outside of what is specifically assigned (learning, memory, decision-making) | 69 | |
| 15056820818 | Plasticity | the brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience | 70 | |
| 15056820819 | neurogenesis | ability of brain to generate more neurons | 71 | |
| 15056822270 | aphasia | impairment of language | 72 | |
| 15056822271 | Broca's area | ability to speak -left frontal lobe | 73 | |
| 15056822272 | Wernicke's area | language comprehension -left temporal lobe -can speak but often meaningless words | 74 | |
| 15056823487 | corpus callosum | nerve fibers that connect the two hemispheres of the brain | 75 | |
| 15056823488 | split brain procedure | severing the corpus callosum -epilepsy | 76 | |
| 15056824132 | brain lateralization | specialization of function in each hemisphere | 77 | |
| 15056824615 | consciousness | our awareness of ourselves and our environment | 78 | |
| 15056824616 | cognitive neuroscience | A field that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity. | 79 | |
| 15056825517 | dual processing | principle that info is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks | 80 | |
| 15056825518 | behavior genetics | study of influence of genetics and environment on our behavior | 81 | |
| 15056826162 | environment | culture, edu, nutrition, parent/peer influence | 82 | |
| 15056826163 | chromosomes | made of DNA, contains genes -located in nucleus -we have 23 | 83 | |
| 15056826931 | DNA | holds our unique genetic characteristics | 84 | |
| 15056826932 | genes | our codes for life -specific human traits -dominant or recessive -environmental impacts can turn on impact of genes | 85 | |
| 15056826933 | genome | complete sent of DNA, including genes -info needed to build and maintain organism | 86 | |
| 15056827593 | identical twins (monozygotic twins) | twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms | 87 | |
| 15056827594 | fraternal twins (dizygotic) | twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs; no genetically closer than brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment | 88 | |
| 15056829948 | Heritability | how much the differences between people are result of genes | 89 | |
| 15056829949 | interaction | effect of the environment depends on the presence of genes that influence traits -switch must be turned on | 90 | |
| 15056830433 | molecular genetics | studies structure and function of specific genes that influence behavior or cause disease/disorders | 91 | |
| 15056830434 | Epigenetics | study of environmental factors that influence genes turning on and off | 92 | |
| 15056831491 | evolutionary psychology | studies origins of behavior and mental processes -adaptive or survival value | 93 | |
| 15056831492 | natural selection | survival of the fittest -adaptive traits are passed on to ongoing generations to help survival and reproduction | 94 | |
| 15056832177 | Mutation | error in gene replication that changes DNA | 95 | |
| 15056832178 | social scripts | culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations | 96 |
