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| 6523435996 | Learning | A relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience. | 0 | |
| 6523453460 | Habituation | Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner. | 1 | |
| 6523456661 | Associative learning | Learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning) | 2 | |
| 6523462470 | Classical conditioning | A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events. | 3 | |
| 6523471892 | Behaviorism | The view that psychology (1)should be an objective science that (2)studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2) | 4 | |
| 6523479367 | Unconditioned response | In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus, such as salivation when food is in the mouth | 5 | |
| 6523484084 | Unconditioned stimulus | In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally-naturally and automatically-triggers a response | 6 | |
| 6523487981 | Conditioned response | In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus | 7 | |
| 6523508074 | Conditioned stimulus | In classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response. | 8 | |
| 6523512465 | Acquisition | In classical conditioning, the initial stage when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response. | 9 | |
| 6523516138 | Higher-order conditioning | A procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus. | 10 | |
| 6523520875 | Extinction | The diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus; occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced | 11 | |
| 6523528156 | Spontaneous recovery | The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response | 12 | |
| 6523529863 | Generalization | The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses | 13 | |
| 6523538212 | Discrimination | In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus | 14 | |
| 6523542771 | Learned helplessness | The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events. | 15 | |
| 6523552237 | Respondent behavior | Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus | 16 | |
| 6523574251 | Operant conditioning | A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher. | 17 | |
| 6523579225 | Operant behavior | Behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences | 18 | |
| 6523582324 | Law of effect | Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely. | 19 | |
| 6523596806 | Operant chamber | In operant conditioning research, a chamber (also known as a Skinner box) containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer | 20 | |
| 6523603664 | Shaping | An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior. | 21 | |
| 6523614380 | discriminative stimulus | In operant conditioning, a stimulus that elicits a response after association with reinforcement (in contrast to related stimuli not associated with reinforcement. | 22 | |
| 6523621419 | Reinforcer | In operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows | 23 | |
| 6523633889 | Positive reinforcement | Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response. | 24 | |
| 6525190660 | Negative reinforcement | Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. Any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response. | 25 | |
| 6525197258 | Primary reinforcer | An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need. | 26 | |
| 6525201729 | Conditioned reinforcer | A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as a secondary reinforcer. | 27 | |
| 6525206556 | Continuous reinforcement | Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs | 28 | |
| 6525214945 | partial(intermittent) reinforcement | Reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement | 29 | |
| 6525237514 | Fixed-ratio schedule | In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number or responses. | 30 | |
| 6525275777 | Variable-ratio schedule | In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses. | 31 | |
| 6525283999 | Fixed-interval schedule | In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed | 32 | |
| 6525290589 | Variable-interval schedule | In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals | 33 | |
| 6525301261 | Punishment | An event that decreases the behavior that it follows | 34 | |
| 6525307106 | Cognitive map | A mental representation of the layout of one's environment. For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned this | 35 | |
| 6525313486 | Latent learning | Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it. | 36 | |
| 6525320024 | Insight | A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions | 37 | |
| 6525329338 | Intrinsic motivation | A desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake | 38 | |
| 6525335909 | Extrinsic motivation | A desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment. | 39 | |
| 6525340153 | Biofeedback | A system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or musical tension. | 40 | |
| 6525348091 | Observational learning | Learning by observing others. Also called social learning. | 41 | |
| 6525351773 | Modeling | The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior | 42 | |
| 6525355973 | Mirror neurons | Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. The brain's mirroring of another's action may enable imitation and empathy. | 43 | |
| 6525361548 | Prosocial behavior | Positive, constructive, helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior | 44 |
