Terms : Hide Images
| 8361159818 | Cognition | All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. | 0 | |
| 8361159819 | Convergent thinking | Narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution. | 1 | |
| 8361159820 | Insight | A sudden realization of a problem's solution, contrasts with strategy-based solutions. | 2 | |
| 8361159821 | Availability heuristic | Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness) , we presume such events are common. | 3 | |
| 8361159822 | Framing | The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgements. | 4 | |
| 8361159823 | Grammar | In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others. In a given language, semantics is the set of rules for deriving meaning from sounds, and syntax is the set of rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences. | 5 | |
| 8361159824 | Telegraphic speech | Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram - "go car" - usually mostly nouns and verbs. | 6 | |
| 8361159825 | Linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think. | 7 | |
| 8361159826 | Concept | A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people. | 8 | |
| 8361159827 | Divergent Thinking | Expands the number of possible problem solutions (creative thinking that diverges in different directions). | 9 | |
| 8361159828 | Confirmation Bias | A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence. | 10 | |
| 8361159829 | Overconfidence | The tendency to be more confident than correct - to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements. | 11 | |
| 8361159830 | Language | Our spoken, written or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning. | 12 | |
| 8361159831 | Babbling Stage | Beginning at about four months the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language. | 13 | |
| 8361159832 | Aphasia | impairment of language, usually caused by left-hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking), or to Wiernicke's area (impairing understanding). | 14 | |
| 8361159833 | Prototype | A mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories (as when compared feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin). | 15 | |
| 8361159834 | Algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedures that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contracts with the usually speedier- but also more error-prone use of heuristics. | 16 | |
| 8361159835 | Mental Set | A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past. | 17 | |
| 8361159836 | Belief perseverance | Clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited. | 18 | |
| 8361159837 | Phoneme | In a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. | 19 | |
| 8361159838 | One-Word Stage | The stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words. | 20 | |
| 8361159839 | Broca's area | Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech. | 21 | |
| 8361159840 | B. F. Skinner | He believed that language is acquired through principles of conditioning, including association, imitation, and reinforcement. He argues we learn language from the environment we are raised in. | 22 | |
| 8361159841 | Creativity | The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas. | 23 | |
| 8361159842 | Heuristic | A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms. | 24 | |
| 8361159843 | Intuition | An effortless, immediate automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning. | 25 | |
| 8361159844 | Representativeness heuristic | Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information. | 26 | |
| 8361159845 | Morpheme | In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or part of a word. | 27 | |
| 8361159846 | Two-word stage | Beginning at about age two, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly in two-word statements. | 28 | |
| 8361159847 | Wernicke's area | Controls language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension an expression; usually in the left temporal lobe. | 29 | |
| 8361159848 | Noam Chomsky | American theoretical linguist whose work from the 1950s revolutionized the field of linguistics by treating language as a uniquely human, biologically based cognitive capacity. | 30 |
