Terms : Hide Images
| 12291925290 | Develpmental Psychology | a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span | 0 | |
| 12292006410 | Zygote | the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo | 1 | |
| 12292014659 | embryo | the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month | 2 | |
| 12292017963 | fetus | the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth | 3 | |
| 12292020549 | teratogens | agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm | 4 | |
| 12292030143 | fetal alcohol syndrome | physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking | 5 | |
| 12292181982 | habituation | decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner. | 6 | |
| 12292193563 | Maturation | biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience | 7 | |
| 6545439509 | Cognition | All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating | 8 | |
| 6545442101 | Schema | A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information | 9 | |
| 6545445215 | Assimilation | Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schema | 10 | |
| 6545450611 | Accommodation | Adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information | 11 | |
| 6545452929 | Sensorimotor Stage | In Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities | 12 | |
| 6545470270 | Object Permanence | The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived | 13 | |
| 6545472223 | Preoperational stage | In Piaget's theory, the stage (from 2 to about 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic | 14 | |
| 6545478093 | Conservation | The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects | 15 | |
| 6545492904 | Egocentrism | In Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view | 16 | |
| 6545494934 | Theory of mind | People's ideas about their own and others' mental states-about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict | 17 | |
| 6545498523 | Concrete Operational stage | In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognnitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events | 18 | |
| 6545505622 | Formal Operational Stage | In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts | 19 | |
| 6545507877 | Autism | A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind | 20 | |
| 6545522744 | stranger anxiety | The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age | 21 | |
| 6545525004 | attachment | An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation | 22 | |
| 6545527394 | critical period | An optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development | 23 | |
| 6545530861 | imprinting | the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life | 24 | |
| 6545532508 | temperament | A person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity | 25 | |
| 6545535121 | basic trust | According to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers | 26 | |
| 8560505477 | gender | in psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female | 27 | |
| 8560510089 | aggression | physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone | 28 | |
| 8560516687 | x-chromosom | the sex chromosome found in both men and women. | 29 | |
| 8560518987 | y chromosome | the sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child. | 30 | |
| 8560522638 | testosterone | The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it | 31 | |
| 8560525889 | role | a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave | 32 | |
| 8560529945 | gender role | a set of expected behaviors for males or for female | 33 | |
| 8560535473 | gender identity | our sense of being male or female | 34 | |
| 8560539609 | gender typing | the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role | 35 | |
| 8560542182 | social learning theory | the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished | 36 | |
| 6545543412 | adolescence | the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence | 37 | |
| 6545548089 | puberty | the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing | 38 | |
| 6545551643 | primary sex characteristics | the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible {E}the first menstrual period | 39 | |
| 6545553991 | secondary sex characteristics | nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair | 40 | |
| 6545561343 | menarche | the first menstrual period | 41 | |
| 6545563845 | preconventional morality | morality focuses on self-interest: They obey rules either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards | 42 | |
| 6545571357 | conventional morality | Morality focuses on caring for others and on upholding laws and social rules, simply because they are the laws and rules | 43 | |
| 6545574845 | postconventional morality | Actions are judged "right" because they flow from people's rights or from self-defined, basic ethical principles | 44 | |
| 6545637404 | identity | our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles. | 45 | |
| 6545649903 | social identity | the "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am I?" that comes from our group memberships | 46 | |
| 6545652520 | intimacy | In Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental tasks in late adolescence and early adulthood | 47 | |
| 6545655852 | emerging adulthood | for some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid-twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood. | 48 | |
| 6545658280 | trust vs. mistrust | If needs are dependably met, they develop a sense of basic trust | 49 | |
| 6545667507 | autonomy vs shame and doubt | learn to exercise their will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities | 50 | |
| 6545671559 | integrity vs despair | Reflecting on his or her life, an older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure | 51 | |
| 6545677730 | identity vs. role confusion | work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are | 52 | |
| 6545680516 | initiative vs guilt | learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about their efforts to be independent | 53 | |
| 6545683882 | generativity vs stagnation | people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose | 54 | |
| 6545687015 | industry vs inferiority | learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior | 55 | |
| 6545689701 | intimacy vs isolation | struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated | 56 | |
| 8587725125 | menopause | The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines | 57 | |
| 8587727172 | cross-sectional study | A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another. | 58 | |
| 8587731062 | longitudinal stud | research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period | 59 | |
| 8587732647 | crystallized intelligence | Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age | 60 | |
| 8587734591 | fluid intelligence | Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood | 61 | |
| 8587737280 | social clock | the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement | 62 | |
| 8587745353 | Erik Erikson | Contended that each stage of life has its own psychosocial task, a task that needs resolution. | 63 | |
| 8587749621 | Mary Ainsworth | Performed a study on attachment and infants. Found that sensitive mothers and fathers tend to have securely attached infants. | 64 | |
| 8587754347 | Lev Vygotsky | Studied how child's mind grows, but looked more at the growth due to interactions with the social environment rather than the physical environment. | 65 | |
| 8587756369 | Jean Piaget | Proposed that children progress through four stages of cognitive development, each with distinctive characteristics that permit specific kinds of thinking. | 66 | |
| 8587760873 | Lawrence Kohlberg | Sought to describe the development of moral reasoning, the thinking that occurs as we consider right and wrong. | 67 | |
| 8587765039 | Carol Gilligan | Studied gender differences. Believed females tend to differ from males both in being less concerned with viewing themselves as separate individuals and in being more concerned with "making connections" | 68 | |
| 8587792093 | G. Stanely Hall | One of the first psychologists to describe adolescence, believed that this tension between biological maturity and social dependence creates a period of "storm and stress" | 69 | |
| 8587795929 | Harry Harlow | He raised monkeys with two artificial mothers. He found that the infants much preferred contact with the comfortable cloth mother. | 70 |
