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| 5425658375 | Learning | a relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience |  | 0 |
| 5425660102 | Habituation | an organisms's decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it |  | 1 |
| 5425662652 | Associative Learning | learning that certain events occur together. These events may have two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequence (as in operant conditioning). |  | 2 |
| 5425668400 | Classical Conditioning | a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events |  | 3 |
| 5425674264 | Behaviorism | the view that psychology (1) should be an object science and studies behavior without reference to mental processes. |  | 4 |
| 5425682333 | Unconditioned Response (UR) | in classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth. |  | 5 |
| 5425684213 | Unconditioned Stimulus (US) | in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally - naturally and automatically - triggers a response. | | 6 |
| 5425685577 | Conditioned Response (CR) | in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS). | | 7 |
| 5425686877 | Conditioned Stimulus (CS) | in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (CS), comes to trigger a conditioned response. | | 8 |
| 5425688896 | Acquisition | in classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response. |  | 9 |
| 5425720776 | Higher Order Conditioning | a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus. |  | 10 |
| 5425724136 | Extinction | the diminishing response to a classical conditoned |  | 11 |
| 5425726917 | Spontaneous Recovery | the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response. |  | 12 |
| 5425731736 | Discrimination | in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus. |  | 13 |
| 5425733022 | Learned Helplessness | the helplessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events. |  | 14 |
| 5425737800 | Respondent Behavior | behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus. |  | 15 |
| 5425739886 | Operant Conditioning | a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher. |  | 16 |
| 5425741532 | Law of Effect | Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely. |  | 17 |
| 5425743242 | Operant Chamber | in operant conditioning research, a chamber (also known as a Skinner Box) containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer; attached devices record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking. |  | 18 |
| 5425744916 | Shaping | an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior. |  | 19 |
| 5425746582 | Discriminative Stimulus | in operant conditioning, a stimulus that elicits a response after association with reinforcement (in contrast to related stimuli not associated with reinforcement). |  | 20 |
| 5425748651 | Reinforcer | in operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows. |  | 21 |
| 5425750593 | Positive Reinforcement | increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response. |  | 22 |
| 5425752873 | Negative Reinforcement | increases behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. |  | 23 |
| 5425755059 | Primary Reinforcer | an innately reinforcer stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need. |  | 24 |
| 5425756860 | Conditioned Reinforcer | a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as a secondary reinforcer. |  | 25 |
| 5425758673 | Continuous Reinforcement | reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs. |  | 26 |
| 5425760058 | Partial (intermittent) Reinforcement | reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement. |  | 27 |
| 5425761875 | Fixed-ratio Schedule | in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specific number of responses. |  | 28 |
| 5425763584 | Variable-ratio Schedule | in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses. | | 29 |
| 5425765655 | Fixed-interval Schedule | in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specific time has elapsed. | | 30 |
| 5425767127 | Variable-interval Schedule | in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals. | | 31 |
| 5425773675 | Punishment | an event that decreases the behavior that it follows. |  | 32 |
| 5425773676 | Cognitive Map | a mental representation of the layout of one's environment. For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it. |  | 33 |
| 5425775586 | Latent Learning | learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it. |  | 34 |
| 5425777452 | Insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem. |  | 35 |
| 5425779569 | Intrinsic Motivation | a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake. |  | 36 |
| 5425779570 | Extrinsic Motivation | a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment. | | 37 |
| 5425781696 | Observational Learning | learning by observing others. Also called social learning. |  | 38 |
| 5425783318 | Modeling | the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior. | 39 | |
| 5425785226 | Mirror Neurons | frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. The brain's mirroring of another's action may enable imitation and empathy. |  | 40 |
| 5425786420 | Prosocial Behavior | = positive, constructive, helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior. |  | 41 |
